Table 7.

Overview over the experimental results of knee angle for stair ascent and stair descent.

Study	Subjects (mean height ± SD (m), mean weight ± SD (kg))	Riser × tread (cm × cm)	Type	A (°)	B (°)	ROM (°)
Riener et al. [24], Joudzadeh et al. [25]	10 (1.79 ± 0.05, 82.2 ± 8.5)	13.8 × 31.0	Ascent	91	9	82
			Descent	89	13	76
		17.0 × 29.0	Ascent	95	9	86
			Descent	93	15	78
		22.5 × 25.0	Ascent	102	10	92
			Descent	102	13	89
Mcfadyen and Winter [142]	3 (—, —)	22.0 × 28.0	Ascent	99	11	88
			Descent	105	19	86
Zhang et al. [143]	10 (1.74 ± 0.05, 72.7 ± 8.6)	18.0 × 28.0	Ascent	89	7	82
			Descent	96	10	86
Musselman [27]	17 (1.85 ± 0.12, 82 ± 14)	15.0 × 26.0	Ascent	83	5	78
			Descent	83	6	77
Protopapadaki et al. [144]	33 (1.69 ± 0.08, 67.5 ± 12.1)	18.0 × 28.5	Ascent	94	0	94
			Descent	91	1	90
Law [26]	19 (1.64 ± 0.08, 59.5 ± 7.8)	17.0 × 28.0	Ascent	95	11	84
			Descent	93	3	90

A: peak knee flexion angle; B: peak knee extension angle.