Table 8.

Overview over the experimental results of knee moment for stair ascent and stair descent.

Study	Subjects (mean height ± SD (m), mean weight ± SD (kg))	Riser × tread (cm × cm)	Type	E (Nm/kg)	F (Nm/kg)	G (Nm/kg)	H (Nm/kg)	E-G (Nm/kg)	F-H (Nm/kg)	Range (Nm/kg)
Riener et al. [24] and Joudzadeh et al. [25]	10 (1.79 ± 0.05, 82.2 ± 8.5)	13.8 × 31.0	Ascent	1.055	-0.179	0.027	-0.183	1.028	0.004	1.238
			Descent	0.916	0.587	1.247	-0.096	-0.331	0.683	1.343
		17.0 × 29.0	Ascent	1.093	-0.218	0.042	-0.177	1.051	-0.041	1.311
			Descent	1.006	0.662	1.345	-0.091	-0.339	0.753	1.436
		22.5 × 25.0	Ascent	1.164	-0.247	0.037	-0.172	1.127	0.075	1.411
			Descent	0.991	0.653	1.470	-0.088	-0.479	0.741	1.558
Mcfadyen and Winter[142]	3 (—, —)	22.0 × 28.0	Ascent	1.409	-0.406	0.164	-0.314	1.245	-0.092	1.815
			Descent	1.512	0.405	1.620	-0.266	-0.108	0.671	1.886
Zhang et al. [143]	10 (1.74 ± 0.05, 72.7 ± 8.6)	18.0 × 28.0	Ascent	0.588	-0.493	0.144	-0.256	0.444	-0.237	1.081
			Descent	0.338	0.152	1.106	-0.201	-0.768	0.353	1.307
Musselman [27]	17 (1.85 ± 0.12, 82 ± 14)	15.0 × 26.0	Ascent	0.921	-0.456	0.043	-0.206	0.878	-0.250	1.377
			Descent	0.448	0.263	1.012	-0.167	-0.564	0.430	1.179
Protopapadaki et al. [144]	33 (1.69 ± 0.08, 67.5 ± 12.1)	18.0 × 28.5	Ascent	0.454	-0.556	0.032	-0.121	0.422	-0.435	1.010
			Descent	0.007	-0.070	0.365	-0.040	-0.358	-0.030	0.435
Law [26]	19 (1.64 ± 0.08, 59.5 ± 7.8)	17.0 × 28.0	Ascent	0.899	-0.145	0.046	-0.147	0.085	0.002	1.036
			Descent	0.603	0.439	1.006	-0.076	-0.403	0.515	1.082

E: first peak knee extension moment; F: first peak knee flexion moment; G: second peak knee extension moment; H: second peak knee flexion moment.