Table 1. Population Characteristicsa.
| Characteristic | CARDIA study year 25 examination (n = 2400) |
|---|---|
| Age, y | 50.4 (3.6) |
| Sex, No. (%) | |
| Women | 1376 (57.3) |
| Men | 1024 (42.7) |
| African American, No. (%) | 976 (40.7) |
| BMI | 29.9 (7.1) |
| Antihypertensive medication use, No. (%) | 587 (24.5) |
| Current smoking, No. (%) | 319 (13.3) |
| Physical activity, EU | 345.0 (276.5) |
| Fasting plasma glucose level, mg/dL | 98.7 (26.4) |
| Total cholesterol level, mg/dL | 193.1 (36.4) |
| Blood pressure parameters, mm Hg | |
| Systolic | 117.9 (15.3) |
| Diastolic | 73.3 (10.9) |
| Visit-to-visit, mm Hg | |
| Systolic ARV | 1.16 (2.2) |
| Diastolic ARV | 0.7 (1.8) |
| Systolic SD | 8.5 (4.1) |
| Diastolic SD | 7.1 (2.9) |
| Systolic VIM | 8.4 (3.4) |
| Diastolic VIM | 7.2 (2.8) |
| Echocardiographic measures | |
| LV mass, g | 167.2 (51.4) |
| LA volume, mL | 49.5 (15.5) |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 61.7 (6.9) |
| Global longitudinal strain, % | −15.2 (2.4) |
| E/é | 7.7 (2.2) |
| é, cm/s | 10.6 (2.3) |
Abbreviations: ARV, average real variability; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); CARDIA, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults; E, peak early diastolic velocity; é, early peak diastolic mitral annular velocity; E/é, mitral inflow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity; EU, exercise units; LA, left atrial; LV, left ventricular; VIM, variability independent of the mean.
SI unit conversion: To convert glucose to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0555; total cholesterol to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0259.
a
Data are presented as mean (SD) unless otherwise indicated.