Table 2. Association Between Visit-to-Visit Systolic Blood Pressure Variability and Cardiac Structure and Function^a.

Characteristic	Systolic VIM		Systolic SD		Systolic ARV
	Unadjusted β (SE)	Adjusted β (SE)	Unadjusted β (SE)	Adjusted β (SE)	Unadjusted β (SE)	Adjusted β (SE)
LVMi	1.85 (0.5)	2.66 (0.4)	5.19 (0.5)	3.47 (0.5)	2.67 (0.5)	2.54 (0.4)
P value	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001
LAVi	0.33 (0.2)	0.20 (0.2)	0.78 (0.15)	0.32 (0.2)	0.45 (0.2)	0.24 (0.2)
P value	.02	.19	<.001	.07	.004	.13
LVEF	0.33 (0.1)	0.14 (0.2)	0.19 (0.2)	0.12 (0.2)	0.07 (0.2)	−0.04 (0.2)
P value	.03	.38	.22	.51	.62	.80
GLS	0.19 (0.1)	0.17 (0.1)	0.44 (0.1)	0.18 (0.1)	0.32 (0.1)	0.22 (0.1)
P value	<.001	.002	<.001	.004	<.001	<.001
E/é	0.55 (0.1)	0.37 (0.1)	0.70 (0.1)	0.45 (0.1)	0.66 (0.1)	0.52 (0.1)
P value	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001
é	−0.51 (0.1)	−0.40 (0.1)	−0.73 (0.1)	−0.47 (0.1)	−0.64 (0.1)	−0.55 (0.1)
P value	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001

Abbreviations: ARV, average real variability; é, early peak diastolic mitral annular velocity; E/é, mitral inflow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity; GLS, global longitudinal strain; LAVi, left-atrial volume index; LV, left-ventricular; LVEF, LV ejection fraction; LVMi, LV mass index; VIM, variability independent of the mean.

^aDependent variables were LVMi, LAVi, LVEF, GLS, E/é (more positive values represent worse diastolic function), and é (more negative values denote worse LV relaxation). Independent variables were measures of systolic blood pressure variability: VIM, SD, and ARV. β Represents regression coefficient per SD increments in exposures. Models were adjusted for year 25 covariates: age, sex, race, educational level, body mass index, smoking status, physical activity, fasting glucose level, total cholesterol level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, antihypertensive medication use (year 0 to year 25), and mean systolic blood pressure.