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Mechanism of DNA hydroxymethylation. TET family oxidize 5-mc to 5-hmC. And then, TET proteins further oxidize 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) into 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine. Finally, it removes the carboxyl group from 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine by TDG to restore them to unmethylated cytosine.
