Table 6.

False-positive conditions of PSMA–PET in the diagnosis of prostate cancer

Physiological uptake
Head and neck	Lacrimal gland, parotid gland, submandibular gland
Abdomen	Liver, spleen, kidney, small bowel, ureter
Pelvis	Urinary bladder, myometrium
Other	Sympathetic ganglia (cervical, celiac, sacral ganglia)
Benign condition or disease
Granuloma	Granulation tissue, keroid, sarcoidosis, active tuberculosis, anthracosis
Inflammation	Nodular fasciitis, bronchiectasis
Bone disorder	Paget’s disease, fibrous dysplasia, healing bone fracture
Benign tumor	Meningioma, neurogenic tumor (schwannoma), hemangioma of liver, hemangioendothelioma of liver, adrenal adenoma, pancreatic serous cystadenoma, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
Soft tissue tumor	desmoid tumor, intramuscular myxoma
Other	Amyloidosis
Malignant tumor
Brain	Glioblastoma multiforme
Head and neck	Salivary gland ductal carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx, thyroid carcinoma
Chest	Pulmonary adenocarcinoma, breast carcinoma
Abdomen	Hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, urothelial carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma
Hematologic malignancy	Malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma