Table 1.
Baseline of demographic variables of participants categorized by gender and blood pressure status in men and women(N = 7119)
| Variables | Men(n = 3345) | t/χ2 | P | Women (n = 3774) | t/χ2 | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normotension (n = 2267) |
Hypertension (n = 1078) | Normotension (n = 2492) |
Hypertension (n = 1282) |
|||||
| Age (years) | 60.5 ± 9.55 | 63.41 ± 9.53 | −8.231 | 0.000 | 58.07 ± 9.19 | 63.5 ± 10.39 | −16.433 | 0.000 |
| Educational levels | ||||||||
| Illiterate | 311 (65.20) | 166 (34.80) | 8.758 | 0.033 | 1025 (60.51) | 669 (39.49) | 45.920 | 0.000 |
| Less than elementary school | 1661 (67.91) | 785 (32.09) | 1267 (69.54) | 555 (30.46) | ||||
| High school | 197 (74.34) | 68 (25.66) | 142 (79.78) | 36 (20.22) | ||||
| Above vocational school | 98 (62.42) | 59 (37.58) | 58 (72.50) | 22 (27.50) | ||||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Single | 194 (56.73) | 148 (43.27) | 21.288 | 0.000 | 345 (53.41) | 301 (46.59) | 55.387 | 0.000 |
| Married | 2073 (69.03) | 930 (30.97) | 2147 (68.64) | 981 (31.36) | ||||
| Place of residence | ||||||||
| Rural | 1553 (69.77) | 673 (30.23) | 12.108 | 0.001 | 1591 (66.60) | 798 (33.40) | 0.930 | 0.335 |
| Urban | 714 (63.81) | 405 (36.19) | 901 (65.05) | 484 (34.95) | ||||
| Cigarette smoking | ||||||||
| No | 1320 (68.18) | 616 (31.82) | 0.395 | 0.821 | 2292 (66.36) | 1162 (33.64) | 2.105 | 0.349 |
| Former smoke | 384 (66.90) | 190 (33.10) | 51 (60.71) | 33 (39.29) | ||||
| Current smoke | 563 (67.43) | 272 (32.57) | 149 (63.14) | 87 (36.86) | ||||
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||||
| No | 1026 (67.37) | 497 (32.63) | 0.686 | 0.710 | 2172 (65.44) | 1147 (34.56) | 6.263 | 0.044 |
| Less than once a month | 239 (69.68) | 104 (30.32) | 135 (74.18) | 47 (25.82) | ||||
| More than once a month | 1002 (67.75) | 477 (32.25) | 185 (67.77) | 88 (32.23) | ||||
| Eating habit | ||||||||
| ≤ 2 meals per day | 32 (66.67) | 16 (33.33) | 3.447 | 0.178 | 35 (67.31) | 17 (32.69) | 0.676 | 0.713 |
| 3 meals per day | 1945 (68.39) | 899 (31.61) | 2125 (66.26) | 1082 (33.74) | ||||
| ≥ 4 meals per day | 290 (64.02) | 163 (35.98) | 332 (64.47) | 183 (35.53) | ||||
| Social and leisure activities | ||||||||
| No | 1106 (67.27) | 538 (32.73) | 0.367 | 0.545 | 1250 (66.35) | 634 (33.65) | 0.169 | 0.681 |
| Yes | 1161 (68.25) | 540 (31.75) | 1242 (65.71) | 648 (34.29) | ||||
| Accidental injury | ||||||||
| No | 314 (73.02) | 116 (26.98) | 6.228 | 0.013 | 181 (70.7) | 75 (29.30) | 2.673 | 0.102 |
| Yes | 1953 (67.00) | 962 (33.00) | 2311 (65.69) | 1207 (34.31) | ||||
| Physical exercises | ||||||||
| No physical exercise | 435 (65.81) | 226 (34.19) | 1.471 | 0.479 | 1492 (64.73) | 813 (35.27) | 4.543 | 0.103 |
| Less than regular physical exercises | 417 (68.47) | 192 (31.53) | 483 (67.74) | 230 (32.26) | ||||
| Regular physical exercises | 1415 (68.19) | 660 (31.81) | 517 (68.39) | 239 (31.61) | ||||
| History of cardiovascular disease | ||||||||
| No | 2065 (68.97) | 929 (31.03) | 14.634 | 0.000 | 2187 (67.46) | 1055 (32.54) | 13.740 | 0.000 |
| Yes | 206 (58.69) | 145 (41.31) | 314 (59.02) | 218 (40.98) | ||||
| Hepatitis history | ||||||||
| No | 2170 (67.77) | 1032 (32.23) | 0.914 | 0.339 | 2413 (66.18) | 1233 (33.82) | 2.532 | 0.112 |
| Yes | 102 (71.33) | 41 (28.67) | 93 (72.66) | 35 (27.34) | ||||
| Antilipidemic therapy | ||||||||
| No | 2174 (68.13) | 1017 (31.87) | 4.029 | 0.045 | 2388 (67.14) | 1169 (32.86) | 33.645 | 0.000 |
| Yes | 93 (60.39) | 61 (39.61) | 104 (47.93) | 113 (52.07) | ||||
| Antidiabetic drugs | ||||||||
| No | 2195 (67.96) | 1035 (32.04) | 1.454 | 0.228 | 2395 (66.51) | 1206 (33.49) | 8.021 | 0.005 |
| Yes | 72 (62.61) | 43 (37.39) | 97 (56.07) | 76 (43.93) | ||||
| Anti-hypertensive therapy | ||||||||
| No | 2187 (69.49) | 960 (30.51) | 72.177 | 0.000 | 2386 (67.31) | 1159 (32.69) | 42.364 | 0.000 |
| Yes | 80 (40.40) | 118 (59.60) | 106 (46.29) | 123 (53.71) | ||||
| C-reactive protein (mg/l) | 5.21 ± 0.68 | 5.29 ± 0.85 | −2.966 | 0.003 | 5.27 ± 0.81 | 5.37 ± 0.95 | −3.648 | 0.000 |
| HbA1c (%) | 2.85 ± 7.4 | 3.46 ± 8.74 | −2.110 | 0.035 | 2.12 ± 4.98 | 3.10 ± 7.17 | −4.922 | 0.000 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 108.35 ± 32.73 | 113.93 ± 39.51 | −4.304 | 0.000 | 108.43 ± 34.39 | 115.26 ± 44.62 | −5.209 | 0.000 |
| Low density lipoprotein (mg/dl) | 111.23 ± 33.92 | 115.58 ± 35.82 | −3.408 | 0.001 | 119.98 ± 33.79 | 122.7 ± 38.35 | −2.239 | 0.025 |
| High density lipoprotein (mg/dl) | 51.22 ± 16.17 | 50.19 ± 16.35 | 1.719 | 0.086 | 52.2 ± 14.16 | 50.15 ± 14.4 | 4.205 | 0.000 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 84.26 ± 17.04 | 79.00 ± 18.48 | 8.122 | 0.000 | 87.63 ± 17.01 | 80.39 ± 18.51 | 12.016 | 0.000 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.52 ± 3.64 | 23.65 ± 3.69 | −8.372 | 0.000 | 23.59 ± 3.89 | 24.67 ± 4.5 | −7.653 | 0.000 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 119.73 ± 11.55 | 155.77 ± 22.4 | −61.346 | 0.000 | 118.93 ± 11.82 | 159.23 ± 31.47 | −56.586 | 0.000 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 71.23 ± 9.30 | 88.88 ± 12.55 | −45.640 | 0.000 | 71.27 ± 9.05 | 86.79 ± 11.9 | −44.687 | 0.000 |
| Serum uric acid (mg/dl) | 4.87 ± 1.24 | 5.20 ± 1.33 | − 7.077 | 0.000 | 3.93 ± 1.04 | 4.24 ± 1.16 | −8.407 | 0.000 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 120.58 ± 100.65 | 133.51 ± 111.81 | −3.349 | 0.001 | 129.26 ± 82.88 | 154.49 ± 112.79 | −7.798 | 0.000 |