Table 2.
The association between quintile of cumulative average serum urate and all-cause and cause-specific mortality
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All-cause mortality | |||||
| Population no. (cases) | 30,475 (1713) | 30,526 (1507) | 30,455 (1462) | 30,461 (1373) | 30,441 (1509) |
| Incidence rate, per 1000 person-years | 7.41 | 6.45 | 6.38 | 6.15 | 7.17 |
| Age- and sex-adjusted HR | 1.19 (1.11–1.27) | 0.99 (0.92–1.06) | 1 (ref) | 0.97 (0.90–1.05) | 1.11 (1.03–1.19) |
| Multiple adjusted HR* | 1.12 (1.04–1.20) | 0.97 (0.90–1.04) | 1 (ref) | 0.98 (0.91–1.05) | 1.07 (0.99–1.15) |
| In 121,110 men HR* | 1.11 (1.03–1.20) | 0.97 (0.90–1.05) | 1 (ref) | 0.98 (0.91–1.06) | 1.07 (0.99–1.16) |
| In 30,081 women HR* | 1.35 (1.03–1.77) | 0.98 (0.74–1.30) | 1 (ref) | 0.92 (0.70–1.21) | 0.99 (0.77–1.29) |
| Cardiovascular mortality | |||||
| Population no. (cases) | 30,475 (354) | 30,526 (334) | 30,455 (323) | 30,461 (352) | 30,441 (400) |
| Incidence rate, per 1000 person-years | 1.53 | 1.43 | 1.41 | 1.57 | 1.89 |
| Multiple adjusted HR* | 1.06 (0.91–1.23) | 0.98 (0.84–1.14) | 1 (ref) | 1.11 (0.96–1.30) | 1.20 (1.03–1.40) |
| In 121,110 men HR* | 1.04 (0.89–1.22) | 0.97 (0.83–1.14) | 1 (ref) | 1.11 (0.95–1.30) | 1.20 (1.02–1.40) |
| In 30,081 women HR* | 1.55 (0.83–2.89) | 1.08 (0.57–2.06) | 1 (ref) | 1.20 (0.66–2.17) | 1.39 (0.80–2.42) |
| Cancer mortality | |||||
| Population no. (cases) | 30,475 (397) | 30,526 (351) | 30,455 (386) | 30,461 (314) | 30,441 (258) |
| Incidence rate, per 1000 person-years | 1.71 | 1.50 | 1.68 | 1.40 | 1.22 |
| Multiple adjusted HR* | 1.00 (0.87–1.16) | 0.87 (0.75–1.00) | 1 (ref) | 0.85 (0.73–0.99) | 0.73 (0.62–0.86) |
| In 121,110 men HR* | 0.98 (0.85–1.14) | 0.85 (0.73–0.99) | 1 (ref) | 0.85 (0.73–0.99) | 0.70 (0.59–0.83) |
| In 30,081 women HR* | 1.36 (0.81–2.30) | 1.11 (0.65–1.88) | 1 (ref) | 0.92 (0.54–1.59) | 0.99 (0.59–1.66) |
| Other mortalities | |||||
| Population no. (cases) | 30,475 (367) | 30,526 (328) | 30,455 (285) | 30,461 (267) | 30,441 (325) |
| Incidence rate, per 1000 person-years | 1.58 | 1.40 | 1.24 | 1.19 | 1.54 |
| Multiple adjusted HR* | 1.18 (1.01–1.38) | 1.06 (0.91–1.25) | 1 (ref) | 1.00 (0.84–1.18) | 1.22 (1.04–1.44) |
| In 121,110 men HR* | 1.18 (1.00–1.39) | 1.07 (0.91–1.26) | 1 (ref) | 1.00 (0.84–1.19) | 1.21 (1.02–1.44) |
| In 30,081 women HR* | 1.29 (0.72–2.34) | 0.97 (0.52–1.79) | 1 (ref) | 0.90 (0.49–1.67) | 1.19 (0.67–2.09) |
*Model adjusted for age (years); sex; baseline serum urate (mmol/L); smoke status (current, past, or never); alcohol consumption status (current, past, or never); physical activity (never, sometimes, or active); average monthly income of each family member (< 500, 500–2999, or ≥ 3000¥); education (illiteracy/elementary school, middle school, or college/university); sodium intake (< 6.0, 6.0–9.9, or ≥ 10.0 g/day); father and mother’s cardiovascular disease history (yes or no); use of aspirin, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, and lipid-lowering agents (yes/no for each); systolic blood pressure (quintile); diastolic blood pressure (quintile); fasting blood glucose (< 4.0, 4.0–5.5, 5.6–6.9, or ≥ 7 mmol/L); triglycerides (< 1.7, 1.7–2.2, 2.3–5.5, or ≥ 5.6 mmol/L); low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (< 1.80, 1.80–3.33, 3.34–4.91, or ≥ 4.92 mmol/L); body mass index (< 25.0, 25.0–29.9, or ≥ 30 kg/m2); high sensitive C-reactive protein (< 1, 1–2.9, or ≥ 3 mg/L); and estimated glomerular filtration rate (< 30, 30–59, 60–89, or ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2)