Table 3.
The association between quintile of annually change in serum urate and all-cause and cause-specific mortality
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All-cause mortality | |||||
| Population no. (cases) | 21,556 (1465) | 21,603 (747) | 21,494 (574) | 21,548 (579) | 21,550 (889) |
| Incidence rate, per 1000 person-years | 8.23 | 4.01 | 3.06 | 3.13 | 5.16 |
| Age- and sex-adjusted HR* | 2.18 (1.98–2.41) | 1.19 (1.07–1.33) | 1 (ref) | 1.10 (0.98–1.23) | 1.92 (1.73–2.13) |
| Multiple adjusted HR* | 2.14 (1.93–2.37) | 1.20 (1.07–1.33) | 1 (ref) | 1.05 (0.93–1.17) | 1.66 (1.49–1.84) |
| In 107,743 men HR* | 2.15 (1.93–2.39) | 1.20 (1.07–1.34) | 1 (ref) | 1.03 (0.91–1.16) | 1.64 (1.47–1.83) |
| In 23,168 women HR* | 2.16 (1.51–3.09) | 1.21 (0.82–1.78) | 1 (ref) | 1.28 (0.87–1.88) | 1.81 (1.26–2.61) |
| Cardiovascular mortality | |||||
| Population no. (cases) | 21,556 (344) | 21,603 (189) | 21,494 (141) | 21,548 (144) | 21,550 (216) |
| Incidence rate, per 1000 person-years | 1.93 | 1.01 | 0.75 | 0.78 | 1.25 |
| Multiple adjusted HR* | 2.20 (0.93–5.22) | 2.53 (1.11–5.74) | 1 (ref) | 1.90 (0.78–4.62) | 2.49 (1.03–6.01) |
| In 107,743 men HR* | 1.80 (1.45–2.24) | 1.23 (0.98–1.55) | 1 (ref) | 1.06 (0.83–1.35) | 1.71 (1.36–2.15) |
| In 23,168 women HR* | 1.52 (0.79–2.94) | 0.96 (0.48–1.94) | 1 (ref) | 0.87 (0.42–1.83) | 0.68 (0.31–1.51) |
| Cancer mortality | |||||
| Population no. (cases) | 21,556 (356) | 21,603 (176) | 21,494 (147) | 21,548 (136) | 21,550 (208) |
| Incidence rate, per 1000 person-years | 2.00 | 0.94 | 0.78 | 0.73 | 1.21 |
| Multiple adjusted HR* | 2.37 (1.93–2.90) | 1.15 (0.92–1.43) | 1 (ref) | 0.97 (0.77–1.22) | 1.57 (1.26–1.94) |
| In 107,743 men HR* | 2.46 (1.99–3.04) | 1.20 (0.96–1.51) | 1 (ref) | 0.93 (0.72–1.19) | 1.48 (1.18–1.86) |
| In 23,168 women HR* | 1.72 (0.86–3.47) | 0.68 (0.29–1.57) | 1 (ref) | 1.43 (0.71–2.90) | 2.65 (1.37–5.11) |
| Other mortality | |||||
| Population no. (cases) | 21,556 (330) | 21,603 (161) | 21,494 (122) | 21,548 (118) | 21,550 (162) |
| Incidence rate, per 1000 person-years | 1.85 | 0.86 | 0.65 | 0.64 | 0.94 |
| Multiple adjusted HR* | 2.34 (1.88–2.91) | 1.21 (0.96–1.53) | 1 (ref) | 1.00 (0.78–1.29) | 1.43 (1.12–1.81) |
| In 107,743 men HR* | 2.22 (1.77–2.78) | 1.11 (0.87–1.41) | 1 (ref) | 0.91 (0.70–1.18) | 1.33 (1.04–1.70) |
| In 23,168 women HR* | 6.98 (2.35–20.7) | 4.94 (1.66–14.7) | 1 (ref) | 3.93 (1.28–12.0) | 4.35 (1.42–13.3) |
*Model adjusted for age (years); sex; baseline serum urate (mmol/L); smoke status (current, past, or never); alcohol consumption status (current, past, or never); physical activity (never, sometimes, or active); average monthly income of each family member (< 500, 500–2999, or ≥ 3000¥); education (illiteracy/elementary school, middle school, or college/university); sodium intake (< 6.0, 6.0–9.9, or ≥ 10.0 g/day); father and mother’s cardiovascular disease history (yes or no); use of aspirin, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, and lipid-lowering agents (yes/no for each); systolic blood pressure (quintile); diastolic blood pressure (quintile); fasting blood glucose (< 4.0, 4.0–5.5, 5.6–6.9, or ≥ 7 mmol/L); triglycerides (< 1.7, 1.7–2.2, 2.3–5.5, or ≥ 5.6 mmol/L); low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(< 1.80, 1.80–3.33, 3.34–4.91, or ≥ 4.92 mmol/L); body mass index (< 25.0, 25.0–29.9, or 30 kg/m2); high sensitive C-reactive protein (< 1, 1–2.9, or ≥ 3 mg/L), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (< 30, 30–59, 60–89, or ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2)