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. 2020 Apr 16;22:24. doi: 10.1186/s12968-020-00611-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Schematic overview of the proposed accelerated free-breathing 3D coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CMRA) acquisition with sub-millimeter isotropic resolution, 100% scan efficiency and non-rigid motion-compensated patch-0based low-rank reconstruction (PROST) reconstruction. 1) CMRA acquisition is performed with an undersampled 3D variable density spiral-like Cartesian trajectory with golden angle between spiral-like interleaves (VD-CASPR), preceded by 2D image navigators (iNAV) to allow for 100% scan efficiency and beat-to-beat translational respiratory-induced motion correction of the heart. 2) Foot-head respiratory signal is estimated from the 2D iNAVs and used to assign the acquired data into 5 respiratory bins and translation-corrected respiratory bins. Subsequent reconstruction of each bin is performed using soft-gated SENSE and 3D non-rigid motion fields are then estimated from the 5 reconstructed datasets. 3) The final 3D whole-heart motion-corrected CMRA image is obtained using the proposed 3D patch-based (PROST) non-rigid motion-compensated reconstruction. Abbreviations: CMRA, coronary magnetic resonance angiography; PROST, patch-based undersampled reconstruction; ADMM, alternating direction method of multipliers