Table 3.
Caregiver reported macro- and micronutrient intake compared with Nutrient Reference Values for children aged 6–36 months from a remote Aboriginal community in Northern Australia, excluding intake from milk feeds
| < 12 months (n = 12) | 1–3 years (n = 28) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutrient | Average intake from 24-h recalls, mean, SD or median (IQR) |
Average intake from 24-h recalls, mean, SD or median (IQR) |
EARa | RDIb or AIc (/day) |
| Energy (kJ) (excluding milk feeds) | 1607.49, 830.02 | 2982.86 (2124.72, 3684.88) | 3200 kJ-5600d | |
| Protein (g) | 18.93, 10.25 | 38.21 (25.67, 46.45) | 12.00 | 14.00 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 48.59, 24.25 | 75.86 (61.41, 113.42) | – | NP |
| Dietary fats | 11.35, 7.04 | 25.26 (15.44, 34.75) | ||
| Saturated (g) | 4.78, 2.8 | 10.89 (6.84, 13.30) | - | |
| Monounsaturated (g) | 4.27 (1.41, 5.77) | 9.12 (4.38, 14.08) | - | |
| Polyunsaturated (g) | 1.20 (0.63, 2.20) | 2.73 (1.81, 3.80) | - | |
| A-linolenic acid (n-3) | 0.15 (0.08, 0.22) | 0.29 (0.18, 0.40) | - | |
| (g) | 0.96 (0.46, 1.83) | 2.33 (1.50, 3.25) | 5.00 | |
| Linoleic acid (n-6) (g) | 16.65 (2.66, 33.47) | 8.63 (2.39, 31.90) | - | |
| EPA (mg) | 13.48 (5.46, 14.69) | 19.57 (9.50, 38.39) | - | |
| DPA (mg) | 28.47 (15.64, 47.20) | 14.15 (3.70, 39.67) | - | |
| DHA (mg) | 210.63, 128.22 | 414.95 (299.88, 722.91) | - | |
| Trans-fatty acids (mg) | ||||
| Dietary fibre (g) | 5.16, 3.11 | 8.93 (5.49, 11.75) | – | 14.00 |
| Thiamin (mg) | 0.51 (0.30, 0.89) | 0.95 (0.67, 1.35) | 0.40 | 0.50 |
| Riboflavin (mg) | 0.74 (0.37, 0.86) | 1.12 (0.80, 1.50) | 0.40 | 0.50 |
| Niacin equiv. (mg) | 5.15, 2.48 | 10.15 (6.68, 15.14) | 5.00 | 6.00 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 0.31 (0.13, 0.42) | 0.61, 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.50 |
| Vitamin B12 (μg) | 1.78, 1.14 | 2.13 (1.45, 3.11) | 0.70 | 0.90 |
| Folate equiv. (μg) | 130.34 (61.58, 211.39) | 235.87 (168.35, 348.42) | 120.00 | 150.00 |
| Vitamin A (μg) | 131.40 (70.09, 279.24) | 249.68 (135.66, 389.27) | 210.00 | 300.00 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 19.39 (1.48, 41.09) | 47.38 (13.05, 93.19) | 25.00 | 35.00 |
| Calcium (mg) | 190.67 (89.84, 267.30) | 260.01 (205.44, 377.62) | 360.00 | 500.00 |
| Zinc (mg) | 3.23 (1.95, 6.56)e | 5.21 (4.57, 9.71) | 2.50 | 3.00 |
| Iron (mg) | 3.87, 2.54f | 6.26 (4.67, 8.66) | 4.00 | 9.00 |
| Magnesium (mg) | 70.23 (48.45, 90.99) | 117.27 (81.12, 158.42) | 65.00 | 80.00 |
| Iodine (μg) | 42.83 (25.88, 72.73) | 52.54 (34.33, 89.60) | 65.00 | 90.00 |
| Sodium (mg) | 290.74 (207.94, 428.01) | 585.70 (444.40, 895.70) | – | 200–400.00 |
| Potassium (mg) | 609.80, 300.20 | 1015.28 (730.31, 1549.45) | – | 2000.00 |
| Selenium (μg) | 23.14 (12.98, 30.15) | 40.60 (25.53, 44.48) | 20.00 | 25.00 |
| Vitamin E equiv. (mg) | 1.57 (0.65, 2.36) | 3.87, 2.16 | – | 5.00 |
aEAR, estimated average requirement. Defined as ‘a daily nutrient level estimated to meet the requirements of half the healthy individuals a particular life stage and gender group’ [29]
bRDI, recommended dietary intake. Defined as ‘the average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97–98%) healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group [29]
cAI, adequate intake. ‘Defined as ‘the average daily nutrient intake level based on observed or experimentally-determined approximations or estimates of nutrient intake by a group (or groups) of apparently healthy people that are assumed to be adequate’ [29]
dThis is an estimated energy requirement based on light physical activity for the age group 12 months – 3 years
eThe EAR for infants < 12 months for zinc is 2.5 mg, and the RDI is 3 mg
fThe EAR for infants < 12 months for iron is 7 mg, and the RDI is 11 mg