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. 2020 Apr 9;11:571. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00571

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Copyright © 2020 Mizuno, Arce, Tomotsune, Albarracin, Funabashi, Vera, Islam, Vizoso-Pinto, Takahashi, Sasaki, Kitazawa and Villena.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of a D-alanyl-lipoteichoic acid biosynthesis protein (dltD) mutant from Lactobacillus plantarum CRL1506 on innate antiviral immune response triggered by Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) activation in porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells. Expression of interferon (IFN)-β, interleukin (IL)-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1/CCL2 genes in PIE cells treated with wild-type (WT) or ΔdltD mutant from Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1506 and challenged with the viral molecular associated pattern poly(I:C). PIE cells with no lactobacilli treatment and stimulated with poly(I:C) were used as controls. The results represent data from three independent experiments. Significant differences when compared to the control group: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Significant differences when compared to the indicated group: ^†P < 0.05, ^†⁣†P < 0.01.