Table 1.
Biochemical parameters and lifestyle characteristics of the subjects according to TNM stages
| T0 + 1 (n = 45) | T2 (n = 62) | T3 (n = 30) | T4 (n = 57) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y)1 | 54.7 ± 10.1 (55.0) | 54.5 ± 10.8 (55.5) | 51.9 ± 8.4 (52.5) | 54.6 ± 9.6 (54.0) |
| Males (n, %) | 42 (93%) | 57 (92%) | 27 (90%) | 57 (100%) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 135.6 ± 21.2 (138.0) | 137.8 ± 19.2 (138.5) | 134.7 ± 17.8 (133.5) | 132.2 ± 19.1 (130.0) |
| DBP (mmHg) | 86.1 ± 13.1 (84.0) | 88.3 ± 15.0 (86.0) | 85.6 ± 10.9 (83.5) | 86.7 ± 14.3 (87.0) |
| Waist (cm) | 91.7 ± 9.6 (93.5) | 94.8 ± 10.4 (93.8) | 92.7 ± 9.9 (94.8) | 88.9 ± 11.0 (89.0)* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.5 ± 4.0 (25.5) | 27.0 ± 5.7 (26.3) | 25.7 ± 4.2 (25.7) | 25.8 ± 9.7 (24.5) |
| FG (mmol/L) | 6.3 ± 2.1 (5.8) | 7.4 ± 4.4 (5.8) | 6.6 ± 2.8 (5.6) | 7.6 ± 2.8 (6.5) |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.8 ± 0.9 (4.8) | 4.9 ± 0.9 (4.6) | 4.6 ± 1.0 (4.8) | 4.5 ± 1.0 (4.5) |
| TG (mmol/L) | 2.1 ± 1.4 (1.5) | 2.6 ± 2.2 (1.9) | 2.0 ± 2.0 (1.3) | 2.3 ± 1.7 (1.7) |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.9 ± 0.7 (2.8) | 2.9 ± 0.9 (2.8) | 2.7 ± 1.0 (2.9) | 2.7 ± 0.8 (2.5) |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.2 ± 0.3 (1.1) | 1.1 ± 0.3 (1.0) | 1.1 ± 0.5 (1.0) | 1.1 ± 0.3 (1.0) |
| Smoking cigarette2 | ||||
| Current (n, %) | 19 (42%) | 23 (37%) | 12 (40%) | 24 (42%) |
| Ever (n, %) | 19 (42%) | 28 (45%) | 12 (40%) | 29 (51%) |
| Never (n, %) | 7 (16%) | 11 (17%) | 6 (20%) | 4 (7%) |
| Alcohol use3 | ||||
| Current (n, %) | 12 (27%) | 17 (27%) | 8 (27%) | 21 (37%) |
| Ever (n, %) | 20 (44%) | 23 (37%) | 11 (37%) | 21 (37%) |
| Never (n, %) | 13 (29%) | 22 (35%) | 11 (37%) | 15 (26%) |
| Betel nut use4 | ||||
| Current (n, %) | 8 (18%) | 10 (16%) | 7 (23%) | 13 (23%) |
| Ever (n, %) | 31 (69%) | 48 (77%) | 18 (60%) | 38 (67%) |
| Never (n, %) | 6 (13%) | 4 (6%) | 5 (17%) | 6 (11%) |
| Cigarette, alcohol, betel nut use | ||||
| None (n, %) | 1 (2%) | 2 (3%) | 3 (10%) | 1 (2%) |
| One of them (n, %) | 2 (4%) | 6 (10%) | 2 (7%) | 4 (7%) |
| Both of them (n, %) | 19 (42%) | 19 (31%) | 9 (30%) | 14 (25%) |
| All above (n, %) | 23 (51%) | 35 (56%) | 16 (53%) | 38 (67%) |
| Exercise5(n, %) | 20 (44%) | 18 (29%) | 13 (43%) | 20 (35%) |
| Family History | ||||
| oral cancer (n, %) | 1 (2%) | 3 (5%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (2%) |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 15 (33%) | 18 (29%) | 8 (27%) | 15 (26%) |
| Diabetes (n, %) | 7 (16%) | 7 (11%) | 8 (27%) | 13 (23%) |
1 mean ± SD (median), the differences in continuous variables were examined by One-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test; the differences in categorical variables were examined by chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, * p < 0.05. 2smoker: individuals regularly smoking one or more cigarette per day. 3 alcohol use: individuals regularly consuming one or more drink per day. 4 betel nut use: individuals regularly consuming one or more betel nut per day. 5 exercise: individuals regularly exercising at least 3 times per week. TNM, tumor-node-metastasis