Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics and Laboratory Findings.*.
| Characteristic | Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age — yr | 69 | 65 | 70 |
| Sex | Male | Female | Male |
| Initial findings | |||
| Medical history | Hypertension, diabetes, stroke |
Hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, no history of thrombosis |
Hypertension, emphysema, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, stroke |
| Symptoms at disease onset | Fever, cough, dyspnea, diarrhea, headache |
Fever, cough, dyspnea | Fever, fatigue, dyspnea, headache |
| Imaging features | Ground-glass opacity, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates |
Ground-glass opacity, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates | Bilateral pulmonary infiltrates |
| Treatment before admission to ICU | Oseltamivir, intravenous immune globulin |
Antibiotics | Antibiotics, ribavirin, rosuvastatin |
| Days from disease onset to thrombotic event | 18 | 33 | 10 |
| Findings on admission to ICU | |||
| Days since disease onset | 24 | 21 | 24 |
| Disease severity | Critical | Critical | Critical |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| White-cell count (per mm3) | 17,790 | 6730 | 8710 |
| Differential count (per mm3) | |||
| Total neutrophils | 16,290 | 6230 | 7090 |
| Total lymphocytes | 430 | 290 | 790 |
| Total monocytes | 800 | 170 | 430 |
| Platelet count (per mm3) | 78,000 | 79,000 | 180,000 |
| Hemoglobin (g/liter) | 111 | 99 | 92 |
| Albumin (g/liter) | 26.3 | 32.6 | 24.4 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/liter) | 15 | 11 | 8 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/liter) | 23 | 20 | 20 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (U/liter) | 632 | 233 | 417 |
| Creatinine (μmol/liter) | 80 | 58 | 86 |
| Creatine kinase (U/liter) | 63 | 335 | 16 |
| EGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 86.6 | 93.2 | 78.5 |
| High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (pg/ml) | 3876.8 | 14.3 | 125.4 |
| Prothrombin time (sec) | 17.0 | 17.2 | 15.1 |
| Activated partial-thromboplastin time (sec) | 43.7 | 45.3 | 47.6 |
| Fibrinogen (g/liter) | 4.15 | 4.42 | 6.42 |
| Fibrin degradation products (mg/liter) | 85.5 | 8.1 | 7.3 |
| d-dimer (mg/liter) | >21.00 | 2.84 | 3.23 |
| Serum ferritin (μg/liter) | ND | 2207.8 | ND |
| Procalcitonin (ng/ml) | 0.11 | 0.18 | 0.40 |
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/liter) | 112.0 | 56.0 | 125.4 |
| Antiphospholipid antibodies | Anticardiolipin IgA, anti–β2-glycoprotein I IgA and IgG |
Anticardiolipin IgA, anti–β2-glycoprotein I IgA and IgG |
Anticardiolipin IgA, anti–β2-glycoprotein I IgA and IgG |
| Imaging features | Multiple cerebral infarctions in bilateral frontal parietal occipital lobe and bilateral basal ganglia, brain stem, and bilateral cerebellar hemispheres | Multiple cerebral infarctions in right frontal and bilateral parietal lobe | Multiple cerebral infarctions in frontal lobe, right frontal parietal temporal occipital lobe, and bilateral cerebellar hemispheres |
| Characteristic | Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age — yr | 69 | 65 | 70 |
| Sex | Male | Female | Male |
| Initial findings | |||
| Medical history | Hypertension, diabetes, stroke |
Hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, no history of thrombosis |
Hypertension, emphysema, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, stroke |
| Symptoms at disease onset | Fever, cough, dyspnea, diarrhea, headache |
Fever, cough, dyspnea | Fever, fatigue, dyspnea, headache |
| Imaging features | Ground-glass opacity, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates |
Ground-glass opacity, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates | Bilateral pulmonary infiltrates |
| Treatment before admission to ICU | Oseltamivir, intravenous immune globulin |
Antibiotics | Antibiotics, ribavirin, rosuvastatin |
| Days from disease onset to thrombotic event | 18 | 33 | 10 |
| Findings on admission to ICU | |||
| Days since disease onset | 24 | 21 | 24 |
| Disease severity | Critical | Critical | Critical |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| White-cell count (per mm3) | 17,790 | 6730 | 8710 |
| Differential count (per mm3) | |||
| Total neutrophils | 16,290 | 6230 | 7090 |
| Total lymphocytes | 430 | 290 | 790 |
| Total monocytes | 800 | 170 | 430 |
| Platelet count (per mm3) | 78,000 | 79,000 | 180,000 |
| Hemoglobin (g/liter) | 111 | 99 | 92 |
| Albumin (g/liter) | 26.3 | 32.6 | 24.4 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/liter) | 15 | 11 | 8 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/liter) | 23 | 20 | 20 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (U/liter) | 632 | 233 | 417 |
| Creatinine (μmol/liter) | 80 | 58 | 86 |
| Creatine kinase (U/liter) | 63 | 335 | 16 |
| EGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 86.6 | 93.2 | 78.5 |
| High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (pg/ml) | 3876.8 | 14.3 | 125.4 |
| Prothrombin time (sec) | 17.0 | 17.2 | 15.1 |
| Activated partial-thromboplastin time (sec) | 43.7 | 45.3 | 47.6 |
| Fibrinogen (g/liter) | 4.15 | 4.42 | 6.42 |
| Fibrin degradation products (mg/liter) | 85.5 | 8.1 | 7.3 |
| d-dimer (mg/liter) | >21.00 | 2.84 | 3.23 |
| Serum ferritin (μg/liter) | ND | 2207.8 | ND |
| Procalcitonin (ng/ml) | 0.11 | 0.18 | 0.40 |
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/liter) | 112.0 | 56.0 | 125.4 |
| Antiphospholipid antibodies | Anticardiolipin IgA, anti–β2-glycoprotein I IgA and IgG |
Anticardiolipin IgA, anti–β2-glycoprotein I IgA and IgG |
Anticardiolipin IgA, anti–β2-glycoprotein I IgA and IgG |
| Imaging features | Multiple cerebral infarctions in bilateral frontal parietal occipital lobe and bilateral basal ganglia, brain stem, and bilateral cerebellar hemispheres | Multiple cerebral infarctions in right frontal and bilateral parietal lobe | Multiple cerebral infarctions in frontal lobe, right frontal parietal temporal occipital lobe, and bilateral cerebellar hemispheres |
*
EGFR denotes estimated glomerular filtration rate, ICU intensive care unit, and ND not determined.