Table 5.
Observed and adjusted scores accounting for DIF
| Observed | Adjusted | Bias | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SE | Mean | SE | ||
| Perceived Stress | |||||
| Education | |||||
| Up to High School | 8.21 | 0.11 | 7.94 | 0.12 | 0.26 |
| Technical education or University | 8.04 | 0.07 | 7.89 | 0.07 | 0.15 |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 8.50 | 0.08 | 8.16 | 0.08 | 0.34 |
| Male | 7.43 | 0.10 | 7.49 | 0.10 | −0.06 |
| Perceived Control | |||||
| Education | |||||
| Up to High School | 7.81 | 0.06 | 7.92 | 0.07 | −0.11 |
| Technical education or University | 8.17 | 0.04 | 8.42 | 0.04 | −0.25 |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 8.01 | 0.04 | 8.27 | 0.06 | −0.26 |
| Male | 8.13 | 0.06 | 8.23 | 0.06 | −0.11 |
It is displayed the average score for each subgroup before and after adjustment for differential item functioning. The bias indicate the differences between observed and adjusted scores