Table 3.
The risk factors associated with metabolic abnormality in the normal-weight individuals
| Variables | MNNW (11779) |
MONW (6097) |
ORa | ORb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI | ||||
| 18.5- | 4437 (37.7) | 1350 (22.1) | Reference | |
| 20.9- | 3979 (33.8) | 1997 (32.8) | 1.69 (1. 55–1.84) | |
| 22.5–24.0 | 3363 (28.6) | 2750 (45.1) | 2.79 (2.57–3.03) | |
| < 0.001 | ||||
| Waist circumference (cm) | ||||
| < 70 | 2576 (24.6) | 586 (11.3) | Reference | Reference |
| 70- | 5636 (53.8) | 2586 (49.7) | 1.72 (1.55–1.92) | 1.33 (1.19–1.48) |
| 80- | 2136 (20.4) | 1852 (35.6) | 3.35 (2.98–3.77) | 2.05 (1.79–2.34) |
| ≥ 90 | 120 (1.1) | 182 (3.5) | 5.62 (4.33–7.28) | 3.29 (2.51–4.32) |
| P trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
| Central obesityc | ||||
| No | 10,739 (91.6) | 4957 (81.3) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 986 (8.4) | 1140 (18.7) | 2.03 (1.84–2.23) | 1.44 (1.31–1.60) |
| Education level | ||||
|
Primary school or below |
1262 (39.4) | 886 (60.4) | Reference | Reference |
| Secondary school | 1558 (48.7) | 541 (36.9) | 0.73 (0.63–0.84) | 0.71 (0.62–0.83) |
| College or upper | 382 (11.9) | 41 (2.8) | 0.30 (0.21–0.43) | 0.30 (0.21–0.42) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| (former and never) | 5449 (74.2) | 2711 (81.3) | Reference | Reference |
| current | 1893 (25.8) | 623 (18.7) | 0.90 (0.79–1.03) | 0.92 (0.80–1.05) |
| Regular alcohol drinking | ||||
| No < 3 times/week | 4353 (62.3) | 2295 (69.7) | Reference | Reference |
| ≥ 3 times/week | 2631 (37.7) | 999 (30.3) | 0.85 (0.77–0.94) | 0.83 (0.74–0.91) |
| Regular tea drinking | ||||
| < one cup/day | 5633 (68.3) | 2762 (74.0) | Reference | Reference |
| ≥ one cup/day | 2614 (31.7) | 969 (26.0) | 1.03 (0.93–1.14) | 1.00 (0.90–1.11) |
| Sedentary timed | ||||
| Short (< 2 h) | 746 (13.6) | 331 (13.6) | Reference | Reference |
|
Moderate or longer (≥ 2 h) |
4742 (86.4) | 2101 (86.4) | 1.00 (0.87–1.16) | 1.03 (0.89–1.19) |
| food preferences | ||||
| Meat-based | 253 (9.9) | 164 (14.2) | Reference | Reference |
| balanced | 1391 (54.5) | 503 (43.6) | 0.57 (0.45–0.72) | 0.59 (0.46–0.75) |
| vegetarian | 907 (35.6) | 487 (42.2) | 0.62 (0.49–0.80) | 0.65 (0.51–0.83) |
| Fruit intake e | ||||
| Less | 616 (67.3) | 466 (72.0) | Reference | Reference |
| More | 299 (32.7) | 181 (28.0) | 0.95 (0.75–1.20) | 0.95 (0.75–1.21) |
| Milk intake e | ||||
| Less | 262 (75.1) | 152 (74.1) | Reference | Reference |
| More | 87 (24.9) | 53 (25.9) | 1.12 (0.74–1.70) | 1.11 (0.72–1.70) |
| Family history of diseases f | ||||
| No | 1191 (46.0) | 552 (40.4) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1399 (54.0) | 816 (59.6) | 1.52 (1.32–1.75) | 1.45 (1.26–1.67) |
| Menopause | ||||
| No | 856 (45.4) | 199 (16.8) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1029 (51.1) | 985 (48.9) | 2.10 (1.67–2.65) | 2.04 (1.62–2.58) |
ORa, odds ratio after adjusting for age and gender. ORb, odds ratio after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, and WC
c, evaluated based on waist circumference > 85 cm for males and 80 cm for females
dSedentary time were classified as short, moderate and long by the interquartile of sedentary hours
e More and less of the dietary intakes are defined by the mean cut-points of the amount of the dietary intakes per week
f Family history of diseases includes diabetes, cardiovascular diseases