Table 61-10.

Clinical Signs Attributed to Pathophysiology

Clinical Sign	Dysfunction
Anorexia, weight loss	Decreased metabolism; hepatic inflammation
Icterus	Biliary obstruction (intra- or extrahepatic) or dysfunction
Melena, hematuria	GI ulceration as a consequence of portal hypertension; coagulopathy
Ascites	Portal hypertension; hypoalbuminemia (reduced production in liver)
Polyuria/polydipsia	Multifactorial and poorly understood; may be contributions from hepatoencephalopathy; decreased urea cycling; increased antidiuretic hormone and cortisol and other factors
Hepatoencephalopathy	Hyperammonemia and other triggers (see text)
Depression, weakness	Hypoglycemia, anemia, hepatoencephalopathy
Vomiting, diarrhea	Portal hypertension (GI congestion); ascites; hepatic inflammation; hepatoencephalopathy; decreased xenometabolism