TABLE 3.
Occurrence of 26 mycotoxins and cyanogenic glucosides in dried cereal-based ready-to-eat foods from Ogun state, Nigeria.
| Mycotoxins |
Granola (n = 18) |
Popcorn (n = 19) |
||||||||||
| N (%)a | Min | Max | Median | Mean | SD | N (%)a | Min | Max | Median | Mean | SD | |
| Aflatoxicol | 2 (11.1) | 6.62 | 11.7 | 9.17 | 9.17 | 3.60 | 0 (0) | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
| Aflatoxin B1 | 14 (77.8) | 0.48 | 104 | 16.4 | 30.9 | 36.7 | 0 (0) | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
| Aflatoxin B2 | 11 (61.1) | 0.54 | 20.8 | 3.30 | 6.72 | 6.92 | 0 (0) | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
| Aflatoxin G1 | 5 (27.8) | 0.40 | 4.32 | 0.62 | 1.42 | 1.65 | 0 (0) | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
| Aflatoxin M1 | 7 (38.9) | 1.17 | 2.99 | 2.50 | 2.27 | 0.61 | 0 (0) | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
| Alternariol (AOH) | 2 (11.1) | 1.08 | 8.03 | 4.55 | 4.55 | 4.91 | 0 (0) | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
| AOHmethylether | 16 (88.9) | 0.24 | 1.85 | 0.36 | 0.48 | 0.38 | 5 (26.3) | 0.49 | 1.01 | 0.69 | 0.74 | 0.20 |
| Beauvericin | 0 (0) | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | 1 (5.3) | 7.93 | 7.93 | 7.93 | 7.93 | – |
| Citrinin | 10 (55.6) | 7.25 | 4415 | 792 | 1481 | 1764 | 0 (0) | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
| Deoxynivalenol | 18 (100) | 72.1 | 325 | 149 | 158 | 73.5 | 7 (36.8) | 21.0 | 286 | 55.6 | 112 | 114 |
| Dihydrocitrinone | 7 (38.9) | 4.48 | 293 | 179 | 155 | 116 | 0 (0) | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
| Enniatin A | 18 (100) | 0.13 | 0.82 | 0.23 | 0.26 | 0.15 | 0 (0) | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
| Enniatin A1 | 18 (100) | 1.28 | 7.84 | 2.05 | 2.37 | 1.44 | 0 (0) | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
| Enniatin B | 18 (100) | 2.61 | 31.5 | 4.10 | 7.55 | 7.56 | 2 (10.5) | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.02 |
| Enniatin B1 | 18 (100) | 3.22 | 27.2 | 5.22 | 7.11 | 5.80 | 2 (10.5) | 0.22 | 0.33 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.08 |
| Fumonisin A1 | 4 (22.2) | 5.04 | 11.3 | 6.28 | 7.23 | 2.86 | 3 (15.8) | 8.43 | 22.4 | 13.2 | 14.7 | 7.10 |
| Fumonisin B1 | 14 (77.8) | 15.1 | 128 | 78.1 | 74.0 | 31.2 | 7 (36.8) | 32.5 | 239 | 120 | 114 | 82.1 |
| Fumonisin B2 | 13 (72.2) | 8.96 | 39.3 | 25.8 | 25.2 | 8.51 | 5 (26.3) | 11.2 | 47.1 | 36.0 | 29.6 | 15.3 |
| Hydrolyzed FB1 | 4 (22.2) | 4.33 | 13.1 | 9.16 | 8.94 | 3.60 | 1 (5.3) | 4.95 | 4.95 | 4.95 | 4.95 | – |
| Lotaustralin | 4 (22.2) | 16.8 | 24.9 | 18.5 | 19.7 | 3.58 | 0 (0) | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
| Moniliformin | 17 (94.4) | 4.02 | 29.6 | 10.5 | 12.1 | 6.24 | 4 (21.1) | 6.45 | 79.0 | 22.1 | 32.4 | 32.4 |
| Nivalenol | 0 (0) | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | 4 (21.1) | 23.0 | 130 | 80.1 | 78.2 | 53.8 |
| Ochratoxin A | 5 (27.8) | 0.66 | 8.28 | 3.38 | 3.47 | 3.00 | 0 (0) | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
| Ochratoxin B | 1 (5.6) | 3.57 | 3.57 | 3.57 | 3.57 | - | 0 (0) | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
| Tenuazonic acid | 13 (72.2) | 4.93 | 31.2 | 20.8 | 19.4 | 7.95 | 0 (0) | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
| Zearalenone | 11 (61.1) | 0.81 | 5.99 | 1.33 | 1.73 | 1.47 | 1 (5.3) | 6.40 | 6.40 | 6.40 | 6.40 | – |
aNumber (percentage) of contaminated samples.