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All inpatients waiting for surgery, including emergency services (ie, ascending aortic dissections, acute coronary syndromes, acute valvular endocarditis, and heart failure patients awaiting heart transplant or VAD)
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Outpatients who are at greatest risk of adverse event, examples of which include:
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Symptomatic critical aortic stenosis
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Cardiac tumors at risk of obstruction or embolization
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Aortic aneurysm at risk based on size and familial association
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Patients with correctable, anatomic causes of heart failure (valvular or myocardial; ie, HCM, adult congenital)
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End-stage heart failure patients in evaluation for mechanical assist devices who are inotrope dependent
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Asymptomatic outpatients
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Truly elective intervention could include:
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Asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic severe MR
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ASD or PFO surgery, or both
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Asymptomatic aneurysm with demonstrated stable size
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Isolated arrhythmia procedures
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