Table 2.
Virulence gene (VG) distribution among clonal subsets detected in the 84 Escherichia coli ST131 studied isolates. Virulence genesa,b.
| No. of isolates (column %) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Specific gene | Total (n = 84) |
Non-H30 (n = 24) |
H30R1 (n = 23) |
H30Rx (n = 37) |
p valuec |
| Adhesins | papd | 21 (25) | 7 (29) | 0 (0) | 14 (38) | <0.01 |
| papAH | 18 (21) | 4 (17) | 0 (0) | 14 (38) | <0. 01 | |
| papC | 20 (24) | 7 (29) | 0 (0) | 13 (35) | <0. 01 | |
| papEF | 20 (24) | 7 (29) | 0 (0) | 13 (35) | <0. 01 | |
| papGe | 17 (20) | 4 (17) | 0 (0) | 13 (35) | <0.01 | |
| papGII | 16 (19) | 3 (12) | 0 (0) | 13 (35) | <0.01 | |
| papGIII | 1 (1) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.56 | |
| sfa/focDE | 1 (1) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.56 | |
| focG | 1 (1) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.56 | |
| afa/dra | 23 (27) | 9 (38) | 0 (0) | 14 (38) | <0.01 | |
| iha | 72 (86) | 15 (62) | 21 (91) | 36 (97) | <0.01 | |
| gafD | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 0.27 | |
| hra | 20 (24) | 6 (25) | 0 (0) | 14 (38) | <0.01 | |
| Toxins | hlyD | 13 (16) | 5 (21) | 0 (0) | 8 (22) | 0.03 |
| hlyF | 9 (11) | 5 (21) | 1 (4) | 3 (8) | 0.22 | |
| cnf1 | 9 (11) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 8 (22) | 0.01 | |
| cdtB | 1 (1) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.56 | |
| sat | 71 (84) | 13 (54) | 22 (96) | 36 (97) | <0.01 | |
| tsh | 1 (1) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.56 | |
| Siderophores | iroN | 8 (10) | 5 (21) | 0 (0) | 3 (8) | 0.04 |
| fyuA | 82 (98) | 22 (92) | 23 (100) | 37 (100) | 0.15 | |
| ireA | 1 (1) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.56 | |
| iutA | 78 (93) | 19 (79) | 22 (96) | 37 (100) | <0.01 | |
| Protectins | kpsMII | 68 (81) | 22 (92) | 10 (44) | 36 (97) | <0.01 |
| K1 | 2 (29) | 2 (8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.15 | |
| K5 | 27 (32) | 12 (50) | 8 (35) | 7 (19) | 0.04 | |
| K15 | 1 (1) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.56 | |
| K2/K100 | 26 (31) | 3 (12) | 0 (0) | 23 (88) | <0.01 | |
| iss | 10 (12) | 6 (25) | 1 (4) | 3 (8) | 0.11 | |
| traT | 67 (80) | 20 (83) | 17 (74) | 30 (81) | 0.74 | |
| Miscellaneous | ibeA | 18 (21) | 18 (75) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | <0.01 |
| ompT | 80 (95) | 21 (88) | 23 (100) | 36 (97) | 0.20 | |
| cvaC | 5 (6) | 2 (8) | 1 (4) | 2 (5) | 0.86 | |
| malX | 80 (95) | 20 (83) | 23 (100) | 37 (100) | 0.01 | |
apap, pilus associated with pyelonephritis; sfa/focDE, S and F1C fimbriae; focG, pilus tip of F1C fimbrie; afa/dra, Dr antigen-specific adhesin; iha, non-hemagglutinin adhesin; gafD, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-specific fimbriae adhesin; hra, heat-resistant agglutinin; hlyD, alpha-hemolysin; cnf1, cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1; cdtB, cytolethal distending toxin; sat, secreted autotransporter toxin; tsh, temperature-sensitive hemagglutinin; iroN, catecholate siderophore receptor; fyuA, ferric yersiniabactin uptake receptor; ireA, siderophore receptor; iutA, ferric aerobactin receptor; kpsMII, group-2 capsule synthesis; K1, K5, K15, K2/K100, group-2 capsule variants; iss and traT, outer membrane proteins involved in serum survival; ibeA, invasion of brain endothelium; ompT, outer membrane protease T; cvaC, microcin V; malX, pathogenicity-associated island marker.
busp (bacteriocin), yfcV (fimbriae) and fimH (type 1 fimbriae) were found in all isolates. sfa (S fimbriae), afaE8 (afimbrial adhesin), bmaE (adhesin), f17 (F17 c fimbriae), clpG (CS31A adhesin), pic (serin protease), vat (vacuolating autotransporter), east1 (heat-stable toxin), kpsIII (group-3 capsule synthesis), rfc (LPS synthesis), H7, clbB (peptide-polyketide synthase), and clbN (non-ribosomal synthetase) were not detected in any isolate.
cChi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used for p values. After Bonferroni correction, only those p values <.02 were considered significant. Statistically significant values are in bold.
dpap was considered positive if papAH, papC, papEF, or papG were positive.
epapG was considered positive if allele II or III of papG was positive. No isolate was positive for allele I of papG.