Vogelaar 2014.

Methods	RCT, not blinded
Participants	Inflammatory bowel disease, in remission (CDAI < 150 or CAI < 10) and CRP < 10) experiencing fatigue (CIS‐fatigue score of ≥ 35). Exclusion criteria: Pregnant or breastfeeding women; history of lymphoproliferative disease or cancer, other than skin basocellular carcinoma; other gastrointestinal disease than IBD; listeriosis; HIV infection; immunodeficiency syndrome; CNS demyelinating disease; chronic hepatitis B or C virus infection or untreated tuberculosis; poorly controlled medical conditions, including anaemia, low iron levels, diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, liver disease and unstable Ischaemic heart disease; a known pre‐existing condition that could interfere with the participant’s participation such as psychiatric conditions or CNS trauma or active seizure disorders; surgery in the past 12 weeks prior to the screening visit; history of clinically significant drug or alcohol abuse in the last 2 years A total of 98 participants were randomised to the intervention group (SFT: n =48 [1 participant declined further participation after randomisation]) or control group (CAU n = 49) Baseline characteristics for each treatment group were not presented. Loss to follow‐up: One participant declined further participation after randomisation.
Interventions	Solution‐focused therapy (psychotherapy/coping styles for fatigue) Mode of delivery: 6 face‐to‐face group sessions during 3 months and a final booster session at 6 months. Each group consisted of 7 participants. In the fifth session, a partner, family member or close relative participated. Duration: 7 sessions, 1.5 hours per session Setting: 2 centres in the Netherlands Comparision treatment: none (care‐as‐usual) Co‐interventions: Not reported
Outcomes	Fatigue was assessed using the CIS and the FSS‐9. Quality of life was assessed using the IBDQ, SF‐36 and EQ‐5D. Adverse events were not reported. Other outcomes assessed: faecal calprotectin; depression and anxiety; sleep quality; disease activity; medication use; side effect of medication and laboratory parameters (CRP, leucocytes and haemoglobin) Assessment time point: Baseline, month 3, month 6, month 9
Notes	Baseline characteristics were reported to be similar between the two groups, however, the data were not presented. No additional information supplied by the author
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	"Patients were randomised to the treatment or control arm in blocks of 14 subjects using randomisation lists drawn from a computer generated series of random numbers".
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Randomisation was conducted by the second author. The randomisation lists were anonymised for the randomisation process.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Participants were informed about the study and the design of the treatment. Due to the psychosocial nature of this intervention, participants and personnel could not be blinded to the intervention receiving/delivering.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Self‐reported outcomes and participants were informed about the study and the design of the treatment.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Only one participant was excluded from the analysis after randomisation due to participant declining further participation.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Non‐standard reporting of CIS, FSS‐9, IBDQ, SF‐36 and EQ‐5D scores. Only fixed mixed models and estimates and effect sizes presented
Other bias	Low risk	Baseline characteristics similar between the treatment groups, however, the data were not presented. No apparent sources of bias

^{AE: Adverse events}

^{ALT: Alanine transaminase}

^{ASA: aminosalicylate}

^{AST: Aspartate transaminase}

^{BUN: Blood urea nitrogen}

^{CAI: Clinical Activity Index}

^{CAU: Care‐as‐usual}

^{CBT: Cognitive behavioural therapy}

^{CD; Crohn's disease}

^{CDAI: Crohn's Disease Activity Index}

^{CDEIS: Crohn's Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity}

^{CIS: Checklist of Individual Strength}

^{CNS: Central nervous system}

^{CRP: C‐reactive protein}

^{CT: Computed tomography}

^{DB: Double‐blind}

^{DHA: Docosahexaenoic acid}

^{EAc: Electroacupuncture}

^{EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid}

^{eow: every other week}

^{EPA: Eicosapentanoic acid}

^{EQ‐5D: EuroQol 5 dimensions}

^{FACIT‐F: Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Fatigue}

^{FACIT‐FS: Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Fatigue Scale}

^{FBC: Full blood count}

^{FSS‐9: 9‐item Fatigue Severity Scale}

^{g/dL: grams per decilitre}

^{Hb: Haemogloblin}

^{HBI: Harvey Bradshaw Index}

^{Hgb: Haemoglobin}

^{HIV: Human immunodeficiency viruses}

^{IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease}

^{IBD‐F: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Fatigue scale}

^{IBDQ: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire}

^{IBDQ‐9: 9‐item Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire}

^{IDA: Iron deficiency anaemia}

^{IL: Illinois}

^{IQOLA: International Quality of Life Assessment}

^{IU/D: International unit of Vitamin D}

^{IXRS: Interactive voice response system}

^{kg: Kilogram}

^{LFT: Liver Function Test}

^{MCS: Mental component summary}

^{MedDRA: Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities}

^{MFI: Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory}

^{mg: milligrams}

^{mg/kg/day: milligrams per kilograms per day}

^{ml/L: millilitres per Liters}

^{MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging}

^{OFP: Oral ferrous products}

^{PAA: Physical Activity Advice}

^{PCS: Physical component summary}

^{RCT: Randomised controlled trial}

^{SAS: Statistical Analysis System}

^{sc: Subcutaneous}

^{SCCAI : Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index}

^{SCCI: Simple Clinical Colitis Index}

^{SCDAI: Short Crohn's Disease Activity Index}

^{SD: Standard deviation}

^{SF‐36: 36‐Item Short Form}

^{SFT: Solution‐focused therapy}

^{ShaEAc: Sham electroacupuncture}

^{SPSS: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences}

^{SSCAI: Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index}

^{TNF: Tumor necrosis factor}

^{TPMT: Thioprurine methyltransferase}

^{TSAT: Transferrin saturation}

^{UC: Ulcerative colitis}

^{UCHL: University College London Hospitals}

^{UK: United Kingdom}

^{UK IBDQ: British version of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire}

^{USA: United States of America}

^{WBC: White blood cells}

^{WL: Waiting list}

^{μg/g: microgram per gram}

^{ųmol/L: micromole/litre}

^{25OHD: 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol or 25‐hydroxyvitamin D}