Table 5. Adjusted analysis showing predictors of perinatal death.
| Characteristics | BEFORE IMPUTATION (N = 43,198) | AFTER IMPUTATION (N = 50,847) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model Ia | Model IIb | Model Ia | Model IIb | |||||
| AORc (SE) | 95%CI | ARR d (SE) | 95%CI | AOR c (SE) | 95%CI | ARR d (SE) | 95%CI | |
| Age groups (years) | ||||||||
| 15–19 | 0.524 (0.059) | 0.419, 0.654*** | 0.582 (0.058) | 0.478, 0.708*** | 0.614 (0.058) | 0.510, 0.738*** | 0.674 (0.054) | 0.575, 0.789*** |
| 20–34 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| 35–39 | 1.277 (0.102) | 1.092, 1.493** | 1.196 (0.081) | 1.048, 1.365** | 1.281 (0.090) | 1.116, 1.471*** | 1.201 (0.070) | 1.072, 1.347** |
| 40+ | 1.375 (0.197) | 1.039, 1.821* | 1.320 (0.150) | 1.056, 1.650* | 1.439 (0.178) | 1.129, 1.834** | 1.348 (0.131) | 1.114, 1.630** |
| Area of residence (Rural) | 1.221 (0.072) | 1.087, 1.371*** | 1.202 (0.061) | 1.088, 1.328*** | 1.274 (0.067) | 1.150, 1.412*** | 1.241 (0.056) | 1.137, 1.355*** |
| Highest education level | ||||||||
| None | 1.291 (0.254) | 0.878, 1.898 | 1.182 (0.212) | 0.832, 1.679 | 1.548 (0.223) | 1.167, 2.054** | 1.401 (0.171) | 1.103, 1.780** |
| Primary | 1.224 (0.082) | 1.073, 1.397** | 1.211 (0.071) | 1.080, 1.358** | 1.216 (0.075) | 1.078, 1.372** | 1.201 (0.063) | 1.083, 1.332*** |
| Secondary | 1.013 (0.109) | 0.821, 1.251 | 1.024 (0.094) | 0.855, 1.226 | 0.956 (0.095) | 0.787, 1.161 | 0.975 (0.082) | 0.827, 1.150 |
| Higher | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (Yes) | 1.638 (0.156) | 1.359, 1.975*** | 1.432 (0.103) | 1.243, 1.648*** | 1.642 (0.136) | 1.396, 1.932*** | 1.423 (0.087) | 1.263, 1.603*** |
| Drank alcohol during this pregnancy (Yes) | 0.860 (0.058) | 0.755, 0.981* | 0.886 (0.051) | 0.791, 0.991* | 0.889 (0.053) | 0.791, 0.998* | 0.910 (0.046) | 0.825, 1.004 |
| Number of ANC visits (<4) | 1.313 (0.076) | 1.172, 1.470*** | 1.267 (0.064) | 1.148, 1.399*** | 1.294 (0.067) | 1.169, 1.433*** | 1.250 (0.056) | 1.146, 1.365*** |
| PROM (Yes) | 0.322 (0.082) | 0.195, 0.530*** | 0.377 (0.088) | 0.238, 0.597*** | 0.346 (0.074) | 0.228, 0.525*** | 0.411 (0.079) | 0.283, 0.598*** |
| PPH (Yes) | 4.299 (1.014) | 2.708, 6.825*** | 2.648 (0.435) | 1.918, 3.654*** | 4.781 (0.993) | 3.183, 7.182*** | 2.638 (0.375) | 1.997, 3.486*** |
| Abruption placenta (Yes) | 19.469 (4.515) | 12.357, 30.673*** | 4.472 (0.525) | 3.552, 5.629*** | 18.349 (3.821) | 12.200, 27.598*** | 4.218 (0.440) | 3.438, 5.175*** |
| Gestational age (<37 weeks) | 2.416 (0.161) | 2.121, 2.752*** | 2.072 (0.122) | 1.847, 2.324*** | 2.495 (0.148) | 2.222, 2.802*** | 2.111 (0.110) | 1.906, 2.338*** |
| Delivery mode (CS) | 0.569 (0.036) | 0.502, 0.645*** | 0.634 (0.034) | 0.571, 0.704*** | 0.594 (0.034) | 0.531, 0.664*** | 0.662 (0.031) | 0.604, 0.724*** |
| Birth weight (LBW) | 5.064 (0.336) | 4.446, 5.768*** | 4.243 (0.258) | 3.765, 4.781*** | 5.118 (0.302) | 4.560, 5.745*** | 4.210 (0.227) | 3.788, 4.679*** |
| Sex of the baby (Male) | 1.119 (0.062) | 1.005, 1.247* | 1.115 (0.052) | 1.017, 1.222* | 1.098 (0.054) | 0.998, 1.208 | 1.090 (0.045) | 1.007, 1.181* |
| Referred for delivery (Yes) | 2.577 (0.161) | 2.280, 2.912*** | 2.218 (0.120) | 1.994, 2.466*** | 2.465 (0.139) | 2.207, 2.754*** | 2.108 (0.101) | 1.919, 2.317*** |
| Year | 0.954 (0.007) | 0.941, 0.967*** | 0.962 (0.006) | 0.951, 0.973*** | 0.950 (0.006) | 0.939, 0.961*** | 0.960 (0.005) | 0.951, 0.969*** |
aGEE model with binomial family, logit link, exchangeable correlation and robust variance estimator;
b GEE log-linear regression model, i.e., Poisson family, log link, an exchangeable correlation, and robust variance estimator;
c Adjusted Odds Ratio;
d Adjusted Risk Ratio;
*p<0.05,
**p<0.01,
***p<0.001