Table 3. Patient characteristics.
| Characteristic | All patients (n = 222) | Hypotension (n = 126) | No hypotension (n = 96) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age—yr | 53 (14) | 55.7 (14.2) | 49.5 (13) | 0.001*** |
| Sex (male) | 104 (46.9%) | 54 (42.9%) | 50 (52.1%) | 0.219 |
| Height—cm | 162.3 (9.3) | 161.6 (9.7) | 163.2 (8.7) | 0.199 |
| Weight—kg | 65.2 (57, 73.8) | 63.2 (55.1, 72.9) | 66.9 (58.9, 77.2) | 0.023* |
| BMI—kg/m2 | 24.7 (22.5, 27.3) | 24.4 (22.3, 26.8) | 25.1 (23.1, 27.4) | 0.05* |
| ASA classification—no. | 0.509 | |||
| 1 | 81 (36.5%) | 42 (33.3%) | 39 (40.6%) | |
| 2 | 117 (52.7%) | 69 (54.8%) | 48 (50%) | |
| 3 | 24 (10.8%) | 15 (11.9%) | 9 (9.4%) | |
| Comorbidities—no. | ||||
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||
| Hypertension | 71 (32%) | 42 (33.3%) | 29 (30.2%) | 0.727 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3 (1.4%) | 3 (2.4%) | 0 (0%) | 0.35 |
| Coronary artery disease | 4 (1.8%) | 3 (2.4%) | 1 (1%) | 0.815 |
| Angina pectoris | 5 (2.3%) | 2 (1.6%) | 3 (3.1%) | 0.758 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 0.891 |
| Respiratory disease | ||||
| Asthma | 16 (7.2%) | 13 (10.3%) | 3 (3.1%) | 0.073 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 5 (2.3%) | 2 (1.6%) | 3 (3.1%) | 0.758 |
| Gastrointestinal disease | ||||
| Hepatitis | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | >0.99 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 4 (1.8%) | 3 (2.4%) | 1 (1%) | 0.815 |
| Viral carrier | 7 (3.2%) | 4 (3.2%) | 3 (3.1%) | >0.99 |
| Hepatitis B viral infection | 11 (5%) | 6 (4.8%) | 5 (5.2%) | >0.99 |
| Renal disease | ||||
| Chronic kidney injury | 0.453 | |||
| 2 | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | |
| 3 | 4 (1.8%) | 3 (2.4%) | 1 (1%) | |
| 4 | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | |
| End-stage renal disease | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | >0.99 |
| Endocrine disease | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 45 (20.3%) | 25 (19.8%) | 20 (20.8%) | 0.989 |
| Thyroid disease | 14 | 8 | 6 | 0.498 |
| Neurologic disease | ||||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 9 (4.1%) | 6 (4.8%) | 3 (3.1%) | 0.788 |
| Cerebral aneurysm | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 0.891 |
| Baseline blood pressure—mmHg | ||||
| Systolic | 141 (127, 160) | 138 (123, 154.8) | 145.5 (133, 165) | 0.001*** |
| Mean | 104 (92, 113) | 98 (90, 110) | 108 (98.8, 118) | <0.001*** |
| Diastolic | 80.4 ±10.95 | 77.8 ±11 | 84 ±9.9 | <0.001*** |
| Noninvasive blood pressure†—mmHg | ||||
| Systolic | 118 (107.7, 128.3) | 111 (102.9, 122.5) | 123 (116, 132.9) | <0.001*** |
| Mean | 87.3 (80.2, 95.3) | 82.7 (76.7, 91.4) | 91.1 (86.5, 99) | <0.001*** |
| Diastolic | 70 ±9.5 | 75 ±11.23 | 74.6 ±10.7 | <0.001*** |
| Heart rate†—/min | 75 ±11 | 75 ±11.2 | 74 ±10.7 | 0.767 |
| Anesthetic drug† | ||||
| Effect-site concentration | ||||
| Propofol (mcg/ml) | 4.2 (3.8, 4.6) | 4.2 (3.8, 4.5) | 4.3 (3.9, 4.7) | 0.208 |
| Remifentanil (ng/ml) | 1.6 (1, 1.9) | 1.5 (1, 1.8) | 1.6 (1.2, 1.9) | 0.251 |
| Vasoactive drug administration†—no. | ||||
| Ephedrine | 6 (2.7%) | 6 (4.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0.08 |
| Esmolol | 4 (1.8%) | 2 (1.6%) | 2 (2.1%) | >0.99 |
| Labetalol | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 0.891 |
| Mechanical ventilation data† | ||||
| Tidal volume—ml | 271.7 (223.6, 321.9) | 268 (217.4, 320.7) | 275.4 (232, 346.3) | 0.332 |
| Minute ventilation—L/min | 3.3 (2.6, 4.2) | 3.3 (2.6, 4.1) | 3.3 (2.7, 4.5) | 0.543 |
| Respiratory rate—/min | 11.7 (9.9, 14.1) | 11.9 (9.8, 14.1) | 11.6 (10.2, 14.2) | 0.762 |
| Max positive airway pressure—cmH2O | 14.8 ±3.3 | 14.6 ±3.3 | 15 ±3.3 | 0.426 |
Data are expressed mean (standard deviation, SD) or median (interquartile range, IQR) values according to normality test results. For continuous variables, a t-test or Wilcox test was performed as appropriate. For categorical variables, a chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test was performed as appropriate.
†These features were observed from anesthetic induction to tracheal intubation.
* p < 0.05,
** p < 0.01, and
*** p < 0.001.