Figure 2.

ClyA nanopore current responses induced by ligand interactions with trapped MBP. (a-c) Typical traces and corresponding histograms of ClyA pores containing a trapped MBP in the absence (a) and presence of ligand (b, c). Maltose or maltotriose was added to the cis chamber separately. The concentrations of maltose (b) and maltotriose (c) are indicated in the figure. All the measurements were performed in 150 mM NaCl, 15 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5 at −80 mV by applying a Bessel low-pass filter with a 2 kHz cutoff and sampled at 5 kHz.