Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Participants and Person-Visits, Stratified by HIV Status and Self-Reported 4-Day ART Adherence
| Participants, No. (%) or Median (IQR) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| HIV-Uninfected at an Included Visita | 100% ART Adherence at an Included Visita | <100% ART Adherence at an Included Visita | |
| Unique MACS participants (n = 1469)a | 652 | 905 | 255 |
| Hispanic | 47 (7) | 139 (15) | 39 (15) |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 138 (21) | 220 (24) | 65 (25) |
| White, non-Hispanic | 463 (71) | 532 (59) | 147 (58) |
| Other race | 4 (1) | 14 (2) | 4 (2) |
| No. of visits per participanta | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–4) | 1 (1–2) |
| Person-Visits, No. (%) or Median (IQR) | |||
| HIV Uninfected at Visita | 100% ART Adherence at Visita | <100% ART Adherence at Visita | |
| Person-visits (n = 4530)a | 1588 | 2565 | 377 |
| Calendar year at visit | 2002 (1988–2006) | 2006 (2004–2008) | 2006 (2003–2008) |
| Age at visit, y | 42 (34–49) | 49 (43–54) | 47 (43–54) |
| Cumulative years of ART at time of visit | - | 5.2 (2.9–7.9) | 5.6 (3.1–8.1) |
| Type of ART at visit | |||
| Boosted PI-based | - | 858 (33) | 146 (39) |
| Unboosted PI-based | - | 385 (15) | 62 (16) |
| NNRTI-based, no PI | - | 1242 (48) | 149 (40) |
| NRTI/other-based, no PI | - | 80 (3) | 20 (5) |
| CD4+ T-cell count at visit | - | 582 (422–773) | 582 (440–769) |
| >500 cells/μL | - | 1578 (63) | 226 (62) |
| 351–500 cells/μL | - | 530 (21) | 98 (27) |
| 201–350 cells/μL | - | 299 (12) | 30 (8) |
| ≤200 cells/μL | - | 100 (4) | 12 (3) |
| Other factors at time of visitb | |||
| Obesity | 221 (14) | 296 (12) | 37 (10) |
| Hepatitis B infection | 42 (3) | 115 (4) | 18 (5) |
| Hepatitis C infection | 253 (16) | 199 (8) | 25 (7) |
| Tobacco smoking | 639 (40) | 718 (28) | 100 (27) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 106 (7) | 268 (10) | 43 (11) |
| Anemia | 158 (10) | 338 (13) | 43 (11) |
| Hypertension | 345 (22) | 580 (23) | 73 (19) |
| Statin use | 91 (11) | 754 (32) | 110 (31) |
| Depressive symptoms | 379 (24) | 577 (22) | 102 (27) |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; IQR, interquartile range; MACS, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor.
aSome participants contributed to visits in more than 1 category.
bObesity was defined as body mass index ≥30 kg/m2. Diabetes mellitus was defined as hemoglobin A1C ≥6.5%, fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, or use of antidiabetic medications. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin <5th percentile of the general population. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medications. Depressive symptoms were defined as Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression score ≥16.