Table 5.

Select Treatment Trials With Multiple Targets

Drug Name	Mechanism of Action	NCT Number	Title	Study Population	Targeted Enrollment	Study Design	Primary Outcome Measure
Lopinavir + ritonavir; ribavirin; IFN-β1b	Antiretroviral and immunomodulatory	NCT04276688	Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Ribavirin and IFN-beta Combination for nCoV Treatment	Age ≥18 yrs hospitalized for virologically confirmed 2019-nCoV infection with NEWS ≥1 on recruitment; febrile with symptoms and duration of symptoms ≤10 days	127	Randomized, open-label (1:1:1) to lopinavir + ritonavir; or ribavirin; or IFN-β1b	Time to negative nasopharyngeal viral RT-PCR assessed up to 1 month
Lopinavir + ritonavir; hydroxychloroquine	Antiretroviral and viral entry	NCT04307693	Comparison of Lopinavir/Ritonavir or Hydroxychloroquine in Patients With Mild Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)	Age 16–99 yrs with confirmed mild COVID-19 (NEWS 0–4)	150	Randomized, open-label (1:1:1) lopinavir + ritonavir; or hydroxychloroquine; or standard care	Viral load at hospital days 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 18
Remdesivir + hydroxychloroquine; remdesivir; hydroxychloroquine	Antiretroviral and viral entry	NCT04321616	Efficacy of Different Anti-viral Drugs in COVID-19 Infected Patients	Age ≥18 yrs with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR, admitted to hospital or ICU	700	Randomized, Open-Label (1:1:1) remdesivir; or hydroxychloroquine; or remdesivir + hydroxychloroquine adaptive controlled design; comparison with standard of care	In-hospital mortality at 3 weeks
Combinations of oseltamivir, chloroquine, darunavir, ritonavir, lopinavir, oseltamivir, favipiravir	Antiretroviral and viral entry	NCT04303299	Various Combination of Protease Inhibitors, Oseltamivir, Favipiravir, and Hydroxychloroquine for Treatment of COVID19: A Randomized Control Trial (THDMS-COVID-19)	Age 16–100 yrs with COVID-19 diagnosis	320	Randomized, open-label, oseltamivir + chloroquine; or darunavir + ritonavir + oseltamivir; or lopinavir + ritonavir + oseltamivir; or favipiravir + lopinavir + ritonavir; or darunavir + ritonavir + oseltamivir + chloroquine; or darunavir + ritonavir + favipiravir + chloroquine	Time to negative detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab at 24 weeks
Favipiravir; chloroquine phosphate	Antiretroviral and viral entry	NCT04319900	Clinical Trial of Favipiravir Tablets Combined With Chloroquine Phosphate in the Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia	Age 18–75 yrs; diagnosed with nCoV pneumonia with a course of illness no more than 14 days; if the course is >14 days, no progression by chest radiograph within 7 days; respiratory symptoms; positive COVID-19 RT-PCR within 3 days	150	Randomized, double-blind 3-arm study of favipiravir + chloroquine; or favipiravir; or placebo	Time to improvement of respiratory symptoms Number of days of viral shedding Frequency of improvement of respiratory symptoms
Remdesivir; lopinavir + ritonavir; IFN-β1a; hydroxychloroquine	Antiretroviral, viral entry, and immunomodulatory	NCT04315948	Trial of Treatments for COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults (DisCoVeRy)	Age ≥18 yrs, laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection as determined by RT-PCR or other assay <72 h prior to randomization, hospitalized patients with illness of any duration, and pulmonary exam abnormalities and pulse O2 ≤ 94%, requiring O2, or requiring mechanical ventilation, or acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation and/or supplemental O2	3,100	Adaptive, randomized, open-label 1:1:1:1:1 to remdesivir; or lopinavir/ritonavir; or lopinavir/ritonavir + INF-β1α; or hydroxychloroquine; or standard of care	Percentage of subjects reporting disease severity on a 7-point ordinal clinical scale reflective of hospitalization and oxygenation status; or death at 15 days
Favipiravir + tocilizumab	Antiretroviral and immunomodulatory	NCT04310228	Favipiravir Combined With Tocilizumab in the Treatment of Corona Virus Disease 2019	Age 18–65 yrs, COVID-19 diagnosis, increased IL-6	150	Randomized, open-label (1:1:1) of favipiravir + tocilizumab; or favipiravir; or tocilizumab	Clinical cure rate at 3 months

For an up-to-date listing of trials, search for “COVID-19” at the ClinicalTrials.gov website.

IL = interleukin; other abbreviations as in Tables 1, 2, 3, and 4.