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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 16.
Published in final edited form as: Virus Res. 2013 Dec 25;182:5–20. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.12.017

Fig. 3. An overview of the replication cycle.

Fig. 3

Virus entry occurs via Sialic acid attachment by VP2 followed by clathrin mediated endocytosis. Particles are then trafficked to the endosome upon which acidic pH mediates VP5 membrane permeabilisation leading to virion un-coating and egress of the core particle to the host cell cytosol. Transcription and translation of viral proteins occurs leading to cellular morphogenesis by non-structural protein. NS1 forms tubules and NS2 assembles the viral inclusion body (VIB) where components for core assembly are concentrated. Assembled core particles leave the VIB and are trafficked on exocytotic vesicles by NS3 interaction with calpactin. During this process the outer capsid proteins VP5 and VP2 are acquired for a complete particle. Particles egress the cell via budding mediated by Tsg101 interaction with NS3 or via host cell lysis.