. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Orthop Res. 2019 Dec 8;38(5):972–983. doi: 10.1002/jor.24543

Table 1.

Mean and standard deviation of microCT, fracture toughness, microindentation, cRPI, and AGE data for vehicle-treated and ribose-treated specimens.

	Vehicle	Ribose	P-value for Variable	P-value for Effect of Age
MicroCT
Cortical Tissue Mineral Density (mgHA/cm³)	1122.4 ± 14.8	1128.27 ± 11.9	NS_^t	NS
Cortical Porosity (%)	4.62 ± 1.98	4.47 ± 1.63	NS_^a	≤0.005
Fracture Toughness
Stress Intensity Factor, K (MPa)	4.98 ± 0.56	2.20 ± 0.47	≤0.001_^t	NS
Initiation Load (N)	55.6 ± 7.68	26.0 ± 6.64	≤0.001_^a	≤0.001
Initiation Time (Sec)	117.8 ± 12.2	76.8 ± 7.93	≤0.001_^t	NS
Microindentation
Elastic Modulus, OLT Surface (MPa)	9.77 ± 1.23	4.39 ± 0.59	≤0.001_^t	NS
Elastic Modulus, IR Surface (MPa)	10.5 ± 0.94	4.65 ± 0.78	≤0.001_^t	NS
Slope of Initial Unloading Curve, OLT Surface (N/m)	6.01E+5 ± 8.28E+4	1.99E+05 ± 5.72E+04	≤0.001_^a	≤0.01
Slope of Initial Unloading Curve, IR Surface (N/m)	6.30E+5 ± 9.03E+4	1.93E+05 ± 5.11E+04	≤0.001_^a	≤0.05
Maximum Force, OLT Surface (N)	3.91 ± 1.26	2.80 ± 1.20	≤0.05_^a	≤0.05
Maximum Force, IR Surface (N)	4.90 ± 0.89	3.63 ± 1.58	≤0.05_^a	≤0.05
Cyclic Reference Point Indentation
Indentation Distance (μm)	70.9 ± 9.06	75.54 ± 16.8	NS_^t	NS
Creep Indentation Distance (μm)	5.27 ± 1.03	5.27 ± 0.89	NS_^t	NS
Total Indentation Distance (μm)	78.0 ± 9.17	82.2 ± 16.7	NS_^t	NS
Indentation Distance Increase (μm)	11.5 ± 2.38	11.04 ± 1.53	NS_^t	NS
Average Energy Dissipation (μJ)	19.7 ± 3.04	19.5 ± 2.00	NS_^t	NS
Average Loading Slope (N/μm)	0.34 ± 0.024	0.34 ± 0.018	NS_^t	NS
Average Unloading Slope (N/μm)	0.42 ± 0.037	0.42 ± 0.030	NS_^t	NS
Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs)
Cortical AGEs (ng quinine/mg collagen)	240.8 ± 181.8	569.4 ± 186.00	≤0.0014_^t	NS

NS=not significant

=p-value evaluated by t-test

=p-value evaluated by ANCOVA