. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 30.

Published in final edited form as: J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2020 Jan 28;184:113123. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113123

Table 2.

Effects of Acute versus Recurrent Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia on Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus Amino Acid Energy Substrate and Gluco-regulatory Neuro-transmitter Content.

	Treatment Groups^a
	VVVV^b	VVVI^c	IIII^d
A. Glutamine (Gln)	149.8 ± 7.9^e	118.7 ± 4.5 ^***, vs. VVVV	140.4 ± 3.1 ^**, vs. VVVI
B. Glutamate (Glu)	36.4 ± 2.2	22.0 ± 0.2 ^***, vs. VVVV	21.6 ± 0.5 ^***, vs. VVVV
C. Aspartate (Asp)	1455.0 ± 85.6	910.4 ± 48.9 ^***, vs. VVVV	714.0 ± 24.5 ^, vs. VVVI ^*, vs. VVVV
D. Creatine (CR)	224.3 ± 12.3	205.4 ± 4.0	217.2 ± 8.3
E. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)	9.6 ± 0.4	7.9 ± 0.1 ^*, vs. VVVV	9.3 ± 1.9 ^*, vs. VVVI

p < 0.05

^**

p < 0.01

^***

p < 0.001.

n = 5 animals / treatment group.

subcutaneous (sc) injection of vehicle (V), one dose per day, on four consecutive days.

sc V injection on days 1–3, followed by 5.0 U neutral protamine Hagedorninsulin (INS)/kg bw injection on day 4.

sc INS injection on days 1–4.

ug/g.