Table 2.

Effect of synthetic PPAR-α agonists in clinical trials and experimental models of neurodegenerative/psychiatric disorders

Clinical study OF PPAR-α agonists
Drug name	Disease	Main effect	Clinical trial	References/clinical trial identifier
Gemfibrozil	Alzheimer’s disease	Downregulates of BACE1 expression	II phase pending	NCT02045056
Fenofibrate	Drug-resistant Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy	Reduces of seizure frequency Effects on motor-behavioral seizures	II phase	[131]
Gemfibrozil	Alcoholism	Influences drinks per drinking day and percent days abstinent	II phase completed	NCT02158273
Fenofibrate		Reduces craving to drink and drinks per week	II phase terminated	NCT03539432
Bezafibrate	Bipolar disorder	Positive change in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale	I phase ongoing	NCT02481245

Study in experimental models of PPAR-α agonists
Drug name	Disease	Main effect		References
Gemfibrozil	Alzheimer’s disease	Stimulates ADAM10 Reduces Aβ production		[48]
		Decreases Aβ plaque accumulation Improves learning memory		[55]
		Decreases Aβ accumulation and reverses memory deficits and anxiety symptoms		[132]
WY-14643		Decreases tau protein and inflammation markers Increases ability in Moris water test		[37]
GW7647		Regulates APP amyloidogenic processing Decreases the expression of sAPPβ and ability of BACE1 Reduces Aβ release and Aβ production		[50]
Fenofibrate		Regulates oxidative stress accumulation		[133]
Fenofibrate	Parkinson’s disease	Protects against the damaging effect of MPTP in a rat model Decreases inflammation		[94, 134]
	Cerebral injury	Reduces suspectibility to stroke in apolipoprotein E-deficient animals Decreases cerebral infarct volume		[135]