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. 2020 Feb 13;45(6):1018–1025. doi: 10.1038/s41386-020-0633-z

Fig. 2. Active rTMS modulates functional connectivity from left dlPFC stimulation site, predicting and tracking clinical response.

Fig. 2

a Left dlPFC stimulation targets were defined for each individual based on the location of the frontoparietal control network (FPCN). b Treatment arm (active, sham) × time (pre-, post-treatment) effects of rTMS on global functional connectivity from the stimulation site. HC healthy control, MDD major depressive disorder. c Treatment arm × time effects of rTMS on functional connectivity seeded from the dlPFC stimulation site to left amygdala, right amygdala, and right dlPFC. For the amygdala, connectivity in the active rTMS arm no longer differed between patients and healthy individuals after treatment (left amygdala post-treatment t(41) = 0.83, p = 0.41; right amygdala post-treatment: t(41) = −0.23, p = 0.82), whereas it was significantly impaired before treatment (left amygdala t(44) = 4.91, p = 1.32e-5; right amygdala t(44) = 3.07, p = 0.0036). For the right dlPFC, connectivity remained persistently elevated in patients even at the end of active rTMS (pre-treatment t(44) = 4.08, p = 0.00018; post-treatment: t(41) = 2.62, p = 0.01). Peak voxels: left amygdala: −28 −2 −16, Z = −3.00; right amygdala: 30 −2 −18, Z = −3.14; right dlPFC: 46 22 34, Z = −3.31. d Lower baseline left dlPFC global connectivity predicts greater change in HamD scores in the active rTMS arm, illustrated here by a median split on baseline global connectivity values. e Pre-minus-post change in left dlPFC global connectivity in the active rTMS arm correlates with pre-minus-post change in HamD scores.