Table 1.
Demographic information, clinical characteristics, and questionnaire scores of the three groups and between-group comparisons
| HCs (n = 32) | NSD patients (n = 30) | SD patients (n = 31) | Statistics | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics: mean (SD) | |||||
| Sex, male/female | 14/18 | 14/16 | 12/19 | χ2 = 0.405 | p = 0.817 |
| Age | 33.03 (10.33) | 37.5 (14.67) | 32.26 (10.1) | F = 1.747 | p = 0.180 |
| Education, years | 16.19 (2.01) | 12.23 (3.22) | 13.91 (2.4) | F = 19.998 | p < 0.001 |
| Clinical scales: mean (SD) | |||||
| Duration of illness (month) | N/A | 26 (38.9) | 53.13 (46.43) | t = −2.469 | p = 0.016 |
| HDRS score | 0.84 (1.46) | 14.2 (3.42) | 15.84 (4.34) | F = 198.1 | p < 0.001 |
| SSI | 3.28 (5.52) | 13.37 (7.64) | 22.81 (7.87) | F = 60.179 | p < 0.001 |
| Risk–Rescue Rating scalea | |||||
| Risk | N/A | N/A | 7.1 (2.45) | — | — |
| Rescue | N/A | N/A | 13.68 (1.4) | — | — |
| R–R score | N/A | N/A | 14.68 (1.4) | — | — |
| Number of suicide attempts | N/A | N/A | 2.1 (1.7) | — | — |
| Questionnaires: mean (SD) | |||||
| BISb | 49.19 (9.61) | 54.77 (11.44) | 58.71 (11.43) | F = 6.148 | p < 0.001 |
| PSSc | 13.78 (5.67) | 26.4 (6.13) | 43 (10.64) | F = 110.892 | p < 0.001 |
| TAS-20d | 21.91(8.41) | 41.23 (9.92) | 28.03 (8.09) | F = 38.514 | p < 0.001 |
| Drug-treated patients (Number) | N/A | 14 | 31 | — | — |
| Medication: (Number) | |||||
| SSRI | N/A | 8 | 16 | — | — |
| SNRI | N/A | 2 | 5 | — | — |
| NDRI | N/A | 1 | 0 | — | — |
| NaSSA | N/A | 0 | 4 | — | — |
| Combination of ADs | N/A | 1 | 4 | — | — |
| Lithium | N/A | 0 | 1 | — | — |
| AED | N/A | 1 | 2 | — | — |
| Lithium+AED | N/A | 0 | 0 | — | — |
| Combination of AEDs | N/A | 0 | 1 | — | — |
| AP | N/A | 3 | 7 | — | — |
| Combination of APs | N/A | 0 | 1 | — | — |
HC healthy control, NSD patient non-suicidal depressed patient, SD patients suicidal depressed patients, HDRS Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, SSI Scale for Suicide Ideation, TAS-20 The Toronto Alexithymia Scale, SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, SNRI serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, NDRI norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor, NaSSA noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant, Combination of ADs combination of two or more types of antidepressants, AED anti-epileptic drug, AP antipsychotic
aThe Risk–Rescue Rating scale assessed the current or most recent attempt in suicide attempters
bKorean version of Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS)
cKorean version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)