Table 3.

Means ± standard deviation of ∆T for each stance episode and sensor per group. Student's t-test is performed to examine intra-group and inter-group differences. The null hypothesis of the intra-group test is that ∆T is equal to or larger than 0. The null hypothesis of the inter-group test is that the difference between ∆T of the control group and ∆T of the diabetic group is equal to 0. ^NS not significant, *p < 0.05, ^⁎⁎p < 0.01.

				Inter-group difference
Stance Episode	Sensor	Controls 57 datasets	Diabetes patients57 datasets	p-value	95% CI
1. 5 min	DigitusI	−0.07NS ± 0.92	0.54NS ± 2.04	0.05NS	[−1.23, 0.01]
	MTHI	0.18NS ± 0.85	0.82NS ± 2.00	0.06NS	[−1.30, 0.03]
	MTHII	0.12NS ± 0.87	0.53NS ± 2.21	0.21NS	[−1.05, 0.23]
	MTHIII	0.09NS ± 0.84	0.44NS ± 2.33	0.29NS	[−1.02, 0.31]
	MTHIV	0.08NS ± 0.81	0.76NS ± 1.93	0.02*	[−1.26,−0.10]
	MTHV	0.12NS ± 0.73	0.63NS ± 1.73	0.04*	[−1.01,−0.02]
	Lateral	0.26NS ± 0.90	0.74NS ± 1.89	0.09NS	[−1.04, 0.07]
	Calcaneus	0.26NS ± 0.75	0.78NS ± 1.92	0.10NS	[−1.14, 0.10]
2. 10 min	DigitusI	−0.61⁎⁎ ± 0.69	−0.70⁎⁎ ± 0.59	0.47NS	[−0.15, 0.33]
	MTHI	−0.75⁎⁎ ± 0.54	−0.79⁎⁎ ± 0.59	0.75NS	[−0.22, 0.31]
	MTHII	−0.90⁎⁎ ± 0.69	−0.87⁎⁎ ± 0.59	0.82NS	[−0.27, 0.21]
	MTHIII	−0.91⁎⁎ ± 0.71	−0.87⁎⁎ ± 0.63	0.78NS	[−0.29, 0.22]
	MTHIV	−0.86⁎⁎ ± 0.71	−1.03⁎⁎ ± 0.73	0.23NS	[−0.11, 0.44]
	MTHV	−0.66⁎⁎ ± 0.68	−1.00⁎⁎ ± 0.70	0.01*	[0.08, 0.60]
	Lateral	−0.76⁎⁎ ± 0.73	−0.73⁎⁎ ± 0.60	0.85NS	[−0.27, 0.23]
	Calcaneus	−0.83⁎⁎ ± 0.69	−0.86⁎⁎ ± 0.59	0.87NS	[−0.29, 0.34]
3. 20 min	DigitusI	−0.60⁎⁎ ± 0.96	−0.83⁎⁎ ± 0.71	0.15NS	[−0.09, 0.55]
	MTHI	−0.65⁎⁎ ± 0.78	−0.87⁎⁎ ± 0.71	0.23NS	[−0.14, 0.58]
	MTHII	−0.92⁎⁎ ± 0.85	−1.03⁎⁎ ± 0.66	0.47NS	[−0.18, 0.39]
	MTHIII	−0.98⁎⁎ ± 0.88	−1.10⁎⁎ ± 0.65	0.40NS	[−0.17, 0.41]
	MTHIV	−1.01⁎⁎ ± 0.94	−0.97⁎⁎ ± 2.49	0.91NS	[−0.78, 0.70]
	MTHV	−0.85⁎⁎ ± 0.91	−1.37⁎⁎ ± 0.90	< 0.01⁎⁎	[0.18, 0.86]
	Lateral	−1.04⁎⁎ ± 0.78	−0.97⁎⁎ ± 0.69	0.63NS	[−0.34, 0.21]
	Calcaneus	−0.99⁎⁎ ± 0.80	−1.10⁎⁎ ± 0.73	0.55NS	[−0.26, 0.48]
4. 5 min	DigitusI	−0.02NS ± 0.27	−0.04NS ± 0.31	0.75NS	[−0.09, 0.13]
	MTHI	−0.16⁎⁎ ± 0.24	−0.21⁎⁎ ± 0.24	0.35NS	[−0.06, 0.17]
	MTHII	−0.16⁎⁎ ± 0.27	−0.27⁎⁎ ± 0.25	0.03*	[0.01, 0.21]
	MTHIII	−0.17⁎⁎ ± 0.27	−0.25⁎⁎ ± 0.26	0.09NS	[−0.01, 0.19]
	MTHIV	−0.16⁎⁎ ± 0.27	−0.15NS ± 0.93	0.92NS	[−0.28, 0.26]
	MTHV	−0.05NS ± 0.33	−0.29⁎⁎ ± 0.31	< 0.01⁎⁎	[0.12, 0.36]
	Lateral	−0.19⁎⁎ ± 0.36	−0.26⁎⁎ ± 0.25	0.21NS	[−0.04, 0.19]
	Calcaneus	−0.25⁎⁎ ± 0.33	−0.17⁎⁎ ± 0.25	0.28NS	[−0.22, 0.07]
5. 10 min	DigitusI	−0.08* ± 0.36	−0.14⁎⁎ ± 0.39	0.43NS	[−0.09, 0.20]
	MTHI	−0.20⁎⁎ ± 0.33	−0.30⁎⁎ ± 0.36	0.24NS	[−0.07, 0.26]
	MTHII	−0.26⁎⁎ ± 0.32	−0.41⁎⁎ ± 0.29	0.01*	[0.03, 0.26]
	MTHIII	−0.24⁎⁎ ± 0.32	−0.44⁎⁎ ± 0.23	< 0.01⁎⁎	[0.09, 0.30]
	MTHIV	−0.22⁎⁎ ± 0.36	−0.32* ± 0.96	0.51NS	[−0.19, 0.38]
	MTHV	−0.11* ± 0.43	−0.51⁎⁎ ± 0.42	< 0.01⁎⁎	[0.24, 0.56]
	Lateral	−0.30⁎⁎ ± 0.39	−0.43⁎⁎ ± 0.33	0.06NS	[−0.01, 0.27]
	Calcaneus	−0.31⁎⁎ ± 0.33	−0.33⁎⁎ ± 0.40	0.86NS	[−0.16, 0.18]
6. 20 min	DigitusI	−0.13* ± 0.50	−0.36⁎⁎ ± 0.57	0.03*	[0.02, 0.43]
	MTHI	−0.25⁎⁎ ± 0.39	−0.50⁎⁎ ± 0.56	0.03*	[0.02, 0.46]
	MTHII	−0.30⁎⁎ ± 0.39	−0.64⁎⁎ ± 0.59	< 0.01⁎⁎	[0.16, 0.53]
	MTHIII	−0.32⁎⁎ ± 0.41	−0.75⁎⁎ ± 0.59	< 0.01⁎⁎	[0.23, 0.61]
	MTHIV	−0.27⁎⁎ ± 0.44	−0.89⁎⁎ ± 0.99	< 0.01⁎⁎	[0.31, 0.92]
	MTHV	−0.13* ± 0.50	−0.90⁎⁎ ± 0.77	< 0.01⁎⁎	[0.52, 1.01]
	Lateral	−0.43⁎⁎ ± 0.48	−0.78⁎⁎ ± 0.64	< 0.01⁎⁎	[0.14, 0.56]
	Calcaneus	−0.41⁎⁎ ± 0.49	−0.74⁎⁎ ± 0.79	0.03*	[0.04, 0.62]