FIG 2.

HIV⁺ exosomes promote KSHV infection in oral epithelial cells. (A) Serial dilution of KSHV infection in OKF6/TERT2 cells. A freshly prepared KSHV stock solution was diluted to 1:100, 1:50, and 1:20 with the culture medium for infection in OKF6/TERT2 cells. At 20 h after infection, cells were stained using antibodies to LANA and GFP. Immunofluorescent images were taken using a fluorescence microscope. (B) OKF6/TERT2 cells were treated with exosomes from HIV⁺ J1.1 (J1.1 exo) or Jurkat (Jurkat exo) cells at 4 × 10⁹ exosomes/ml for 10 min, followed by KSHV infection for 20 h. Cells were fixed for immunofluorescent staining using antibodies to LANA (red) and GFP (green). Bars, 25 μm. (C) Flow cytometry of GFP⁺ cells after KSHV infection in the presence of exosomes from J1.1 and Jurkat cells, respectively. The control (ctrl) consisted of KSHV alone. Data represent the results of one independent experiment (n = 4) out of three biological repeats. *, P < 0.05, F test. (D) Flow cytometry histogram of the results presented in panel C. FITC-A, fluorescein isothiocyanate area.