Table 3.

Edible and Medicinal Use of the Studied Species.

Taxa	Edible Parts and Uses	Medicinal Parts and Efficacy
Alternanthera sessilis	Young shoots: blanching and then stir-fry.	Whole plant: cure dysentery, epistaxis, hemoptysis, hematochezia, urethritis, mastitis, dysuria; external use to treatment of sore and furuncle, eczema, dermatitis, or snakebite.
Amaranthus blitum	Seedlings, young shoots and leaves: stir-fry, used in soups or egg pancakes, boiled and consumed in sauces.	Whole plant: cure dysentery, hot eyes, acute mastitis, hemorrhoids; seed: used for diuresis or improving eyesight.
A. spinosus	Seedlings, young shoots and leaves: stir fry, used in soups or egg pancakes, boiled and consumed in sauces.	Zhuang nationality Roots: cure dysentery and hemorrhoids; whole plant: cure dysentery, hemorrhoids, or metroptosis.
A. viridis	Seedlings, young shoots and leaves: stir fry, used in soups or egg pancakes, boiled and consumed in sauces.	Whole plant: used for heat-clearing and detoxifying or diuresis
Anredera cordifolia	Tender leaves and stems: stir fry, cooked in soups or with noodles Tubercles: boiled like potatoes.	Mulao nationality Vines and tubercles: used for replenishing blood
Artemisia argyi	Tender leaves: used in soups or egg pancakes; juice used for pastry.	Yao nationality Whole plant: treatment of emmeniopathy, stomachache, sore and furuncle, fetal irritability, or scrofula. Dong nationality Whole plant: treatment of emmeniopathy, stomachache, or scrofula. Mulao nationality Whole plant: treatment of dysmenorrhea or abnormal menstruation. Miao nationality Leaves: used for dysmenorrhea, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis, fetal irritability; external use to cure joint pain or cutaneous pruritus.
Asystasia gangetica	Young shoots and leaves: blanching then stir-fry.	Zhuang nationality Aerial parts: subside swelling when bruise or traumatic injury, cure metroptosis or rectocele.
Celosia argentea	Young shoots and leaves: stir-fry or boiled and consumed in sauces Young inflorescences: stew with meat.	Li nationality Whole plant: used for heat-clearing and damp-drying, cooling blood and hemostasis or anti-pruritus; Seed: used for sore red swollen eyes; inflorescence: used for cooling blood and hemostasis, removing liver-fire for improving eyesight. She nationality Whole plant and seed: used for swelling and pain of eye, cataract, cutaneous pruritus. Mulao nationality Aerial parts: cure sore red swollen eyes or epistaxis. Miao nationality Seeds: cure sore red swollen eyes or keratitis.
Cheilocostus speciosus	Tender stems: peel off the older leaf sheath then stir fry, stews or braise with meat.	Zhuang nationality Rhizomes: cure stomachache, fracture or impotence. Li nationality Rhizomes: used to diuresis detumescence, expelling wind-damp.
Commelina benghalensis	Young shoots: stir fry, boiled in soups, dried and stew with meat.	Whole plant: cure scanty dark urine, dysentery characterized by blood in the stool or furunculosis
C. communis	Young shoots: stir-fry, boiled in soups, dried and stew with meat.	Dong nationality Whole plant: cure lumbago and edema. Miao nationality Inflorescences: cure keratitis, sore red swollen eyes, xerophthalmia, nyctalopia.
Eleutherococcus trifoliatus	Young shoots: blanching in water to remove the bitter principle and then stir fry or consumed in sauces, dried and boiled in soups.	Yao nationality Roots and leaves: used in abnormal menstruation, rheumatalgia, arthralgia, or pertussis. Zhuang nationality: Root and leaf: used in abnormal menstruation, rheumatalgia, fracture or bee sting. Mulao nationality Root and leaf: used for irregular menstruation or cold and cough. Miao nationality: Roots: cure cough, enteritidis, lithangiuria, diarrhea, rheumatoid arthritis, fracture, mastitis, or sore and ulcer.
Emilia sonchifolia	Seedlings, young shoots and leaves: stir fry, used in soups.	Yao nationality Whole plant: ingested to cure cold, pharyngalgia, pneumonia, urinary tract infection or diarrhea; external use to treatment of scabies, traumatic injury, or snakebite. Zhuang nationality: Whole plant: ingested to cure dysentery, urocystitis, hemafecia, or bleeding from hemorrhoids; external use to treat scabies, traumatic injury, or snakebite. Li nationality Whole plant: used for heat-clearing and detoxifying, sore swollen poison, or hemafecia. Dong nationality Whole plant: used for treating flu, fever, swelling and pain in throat, nephritis, colitis, hepatitis, dysentery, cervicitis. Mulao nationality Whole plant: cure cold and fever. Miao nationality Whole plant: cure acute mastitis, sore and furuncle, tympanitis, acute tonsillitis, chronic gastroenteritis, urinary tract infection, or sprain.
Eryngium foetidum	Seedlings, tender leaves: stir fry, boiled and consumed in sauces, used as spice or condiment (raw or cooked), mixed with meat stuffing.	Yao nationality Whole plant: cure cold, bronchitis, diarrhea, oxyhepatitis, or odontalgia.
Gynura divaricata	Seedlings, young shoots and leaves: stir fry, used in soups, boiled and consumed in sauces, cooked with noodles.	Yao nationality Leaves: used as ascaricide. Zhuang nationality Whole plant: cure traumatic injuries, carbuncle, or injury infection prevention clinically. Mulao nationality Whole plant: cure protracted dysentery.
Melastoma dodecandrum	Mature fruits: eaten raw, natural pigment.	Yao nationality Whole plant: cure dysentery and enteritis. Zhuang nationality Roots: cure diarrhea or abnormal leukorrhea; whole plant: cure dysentery and enteritis; young leaf: used as hemostatics when incised wound. She nationality Whole plant or roots: cure rheumatalgia, hernia, dysmenorrhea, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis, dysentery with bloody stool, hemorrhoids and fistula, rubella. Dong nationality Whole plant: cure enteritis, dysentery or leukorrhagia. Miao nationality: Whole plant: cure habitual abortion.
Pandanus tectorius	Tender stems: peel off the rind and then stir fry Mature fruits: stew with meat.	Li nationality Roots: cure cold, fever, hepatitis, cirrhotic ascites, nephritic edema, stranguria, rheumatic arthralgia or hernia; young leaves: cure cold and fever, heatstroke, gingival bleeding or crushed with soybean and then apply to affected areas for treatment of boils; cure cold and fever, stranguria with turbid urine, heat diarrhea, hernia, aphtha; fruits: used for dysentery, cough, stomachache, orchitis, hemorrhoids, dysuria, or cataract
Patrinia villosa	Young shoot and leaf: dried and used for soups.	Zhuang nationality Roots: cure icteric hepatitis or treatment of fester cause by snakebite. She nationality Whole plant: cure appendicitis or constipation. Mulao nationality Whole plant: cure swelling and pain of eye, swollen welling-abscess or dysentery.
Perilla frutescens var purpurascens	Tender leaves: spice (eg, cooked with fish or seafood).	Leaves: used for treating diuresis, analgesia or cold; seeds: used for eliminating phlegm, antitussive or relieving asthma.
Plantago asiatica	Seedlings and tender leaves: fresh stir fry or used in soups, dried and then used as tea.	Li nationality Seeds and whole plant: urinary tract infection, urinary calculus, nephritis or diarrhea. Mulao nationality Seeds: cure nephritis or urinary tract infection.
Polygonum perfoliatum	Young shoots: blanching and then stir fry.	Yao nationality: Whole plant: treatment of eczema, children’s diarrhea, snakebite, or used as ascaricide. Zhuang nationality Whole plant: treatment of cutaneous pruritus. Dong nationality Whole plant: stomachache, abdominal distention and pain, eczema or snakebite. Miao nationality Whole plant: cure cold, enteritis, diarrhea, snakebite or centipede bite.
Portulaca oleracea	Tender leaves and stems: stir fry, used in soups or egg pancakes, boiled and consumed in sauces, mixed with meat stuffing.	Li nationality Whole plant: used for heat-clearing and detoxifying, dysentery. Mulao nationality Whole plant: cure tuberculosis, hemoptysis, hemafecia, or hematuria.
Rosa laevigata	Mature fruits: eaten raw or made into wine.	Yao nationality Roots: treatment of used as ascaricide. She nationality Fruits: cure spermatorrhea, frequent micturition, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis, prolonged diarrhea and dysentery. Dong nationality Roots and fruits: cure tuberculosis, furuncle, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis. Mulao nationality Roots, leaves, flowers and fruits: cure spermatorrhea, enuresis, lingering dysentery, leukorrhea. Miao nationality Roots and fruits: cure spermatorrhea, impotence, children diarrhea or rectocele.
Smilax china	Young shoots: blanching in boiling water and then stir fry or consumed in sauces.	Yao nationality Rhizomes: treatment of bone fracture. Zhuang nationality Rhizomes: cure gynecopathy or arthritis. Li nationality Rhizomes: diminish inflammation and relieve coughing. She nationality Whole plant: cure arthralgia, traumatic injury, enterogastritis, dysentery. Mulao nationality Rhizomes: used for reinforcing kidney to strengthen yang. Miao nationality Rhizome: cure rheumatalgia, numbness of sinews and bones, enteritis, diarrhea, diabetes, or treatment of cancer.
Solanum americanum	Young shoots and leaves: stir fry, used in soups, boiled and consumed in sauces, added in conjee.	Dong nationality Whole plant: cure urodynia or sore and furuncle. Miao nationality Aerial parts: treatment for sore and furuncle, urinary tract infection or dysuria; root: cure hemoptysis or irregular menstruation.
S. torvum	Young fruits: stir fry with beef.	Roots: cure cold, chronic cough, stomachache, toothache, amenorrhea, swollen welling-abscess, traumatic injury; leaves: used for innominate inflammatory; fruit: improving eyesight.
Talinum paniculatum	Tender leaves and stems: stir fry, used in soups, boiled and consumed in sauces Older root: stew with meat.	Zhuang nationality Root: strengthen immunity and invigorate health effectively, cure metroptosis, rectocele, lung vacuity cough. Dong nationality Roots: used as a tonic. Mulao nationality Roots: cure cough and hemoptysis. Miao nationality Roots: used as a tonic.