Table 3.

Characteristic chemical bond vibrations of the magnetite/silica nanocomposites.

Sample	Functional group	Wavenumber (cm−1)	References
Magnetite	Fe–O stretching	459–500	[40, 45, 46]
	O–H stretching	3294–3464	[45, 46, 47, 48]
	C–O vibration	2360	[49, 50]
Silica	Antisymmetric Si–O–Si vibration	1078–1086	[42, 51, 52]
	Symmetric stretching Si–O–Si vibration	950	[42, 51, 52]
Magnetite/silica nanocomposites	Fe–O–Si vibration	541–575	[42, 48]
	H–O–H	1645	[42]