Table 1.

Digital interventions to promote HIV testing among MSM in China

Pilot	Organizers	Digital component and function	Financing	References
Crowdsourcing	MSM CBO, CDC, and research team	WeChat used to solicit creative ideas to deliver HIVST to MSM as part of open challenges and designathons; messages disseminated through WeChat	Free test kits supported by research study	Tang et al. 2018, PLoS Medicine [40]; Tucker et al. 2018, BMJ Innovations [82]
Public online self-testing	MSM CBO and CDC partnership	WeChat platform used to promote HIVST, arrange appointments for in-person testing, and send self-test kits through the mail; some programs offer self-collection only	Refundable deposit, supported by CDC	Zhong et. al. 2016, HIV Medicine [43]; Wu et al. 2019, IAS [85]
Company online self-testing	Pharmaceutical company	Online e-commerce platform (Jingdong) is used to market and distribute HIV self-test kits directly to MSM and others.	Users pay for self-test kits	Liu et al. 2015, CROI [86]
Social network	Gay social networking app with MSM CBOs and CDC partners	Online campaigns to promote facility-based testing at selected CBO sites; targeted livestreaming and banner advertisements nationwide	Free tests supported by CDC	Wang L et al. 2019 [12]