Figure 5. P. falciparum infection in Immune children induces expression of genes related to protein synthesis, activation of monocytes, and inflammation.

Paired analysis of infected (I) vs. uninfected (U) samples is indicated by Δ. (A) Blood transcription modules (BTM) found to be differentially enriched between classes across three methods (FDR<5% for all methods). Only gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) results are shown. (B) Significant Pf-induced canonical pathways and (C) upstream regulators using DEGs with FDR<5% (no FC cut-off) for the ΔImmune comparison. (D) BTM enrichment of co-expression network modules which differed between Δ Immune and Δ Delayed Fever classes using weighted-gene correlation network analysis with Δ log₂ counts per million expression values as input. Only significant BTMs (adjusted P values <0.05) are shown. (E) Confirmation of class differences in whole-blood FCER1G expression before and during asymptomatic infection by qPCR. Significance was determined by paired t test. Shown are Bonferroni-adjusted P values. (F) Relationship between Pf-induced changes in expression of CD14 and FCER1G by qPCR in 16 Immune children with available samples. Samples with increased expression of both FCER1G and CD14 are highlighted in the red quadrant.