. 2020 Apr 2;7(4):e16993. doi: 10.2196/16993

Table 3.

Methodological characteristics of the study design and methods in the included studies.

References		Study design	Engagement target	Primary outcome	Measurement	Secondary outcomes	Analysis	Quality rating (%)
Studies based on intervention trials
	Välimäki [46]^a	RCT^b 1:1 (TAU^c)	MedAd^d	Number of Hospitalizations	Chart review	Admission type, quality of life, and user satisfaction	OR^e and risk ratio	62
	Montes et al [47]	RCT 1:1 (TAU)	MedAd	MedAd	Self-report	Symptoms, insight, quality of life, and treatment attitude	Stepwise linear regression	69
	Xu [48]	RCT 1:1 (WC^f)	MedAd and AppAttd^g	MedAd and AppAttd	Pill count and scripts	Symptoms and functioning	Generalized estimating equation	85
	Menon et al [49]	RCT 1:1 (WC)	MedAd and treatment attitude	MedAd	Self-report	Symptoms and quality of life	Repeated measures ANOVA^h	77
	Beebe et al [50]	RCT 1:1:1ⁱ (NC)	MedAd	MedAd	Pill count	Symptoms	ANOVA	54
	Thomas et al [51]	RCT 1:1 (TAU)	Initial AppAttd	Initial AppAttd	Attendance dichotomous variable (Yes or No)	Duration of untreated psychosis and symptoms	OR	69
	Pijnenborg et al [52]	RCT 1:1 (WC)	AppAttd	Number of goals attained (including AppAttd)	Number of appointments attended	Role functioning, symptoms, cognition, and treatment attitude	Multiple linear regression	31
	Kravariti et al [53]	RCT 1:1 (TAU)	AppAttd	AppAttd	Number of appointments Attended	N/A^j	Proportions (%), OR	62
	Granholm et al [54]	Quasi-Experimental (NCon)	MedAd	MedAd, symptoms, and socialization	Ambulatory monitoring	Role functioning and cognition	HGLM^k	55
Studies based on feasibility trials
	Ben-Zeev et al [42]^a	Feasibility	TxAll	User engagement	Self-report	User feedback	Proportions (%) and paired t test	80
	Aschbrenner et al [43]^a	Qualitative	Reminder interest	User interest	Thematic coding of SMS text messages	N/A	Thematic analysis	70
	Lal et al [55]	Feasibility	Preferred platform	User interest	Survey	N/A	Proportions (%)	80
	Bogart et al [56]	Feasibility (survey)	MedAd	User feedback	Self-report	N/A	Proportions (%) and stepwise multilinear regression	40
	Kauppi et al [44]^a	Feasibility	MedAd and AppAttd	Preferred topic	Patient message selection	Preferred timing	Proportions (%)	60
	Kannisto et al [45]^a	Feasibility	MedAd	User feedback	Survey	Preferred topic and platform	Proportions (%)	62

^aIndicates a shared sample.

^bRCT: randomized controlled trial.

^cTAU: treatment as usual.

^dMedAd: medication adherence.

^eOR: odds ratio.

^fWC: waitlist control.

^gAppAttd: appointment adherence.

^hANOVA: analysis of variance.

ⁱGroup allocation for this study is daily SMS text messaging only, weekly phone calls only, and a combined group (daily SMS text messaging and weekly phone calls).

^jN/A: not applicable.

^kHGLM: Hierarchical General Linear Modelling.