Table 2.

Features of the NMR immune system compared to the mouse and humans

Organ/cell type/ functional parameter	NMR compared to mouse and human	References (*NMR related)
Blood	Lymphocytes represent a dominant leukocyte subset similar to mouse, in contrast to human blood. Lower frequency of monocytes and macrophages compared to mouse and human blood.	23 19, 20, 22
Spleen	Lower frequency of lymphocytes and higher frequency of granulocytes compared to mouse spleen. High expression of CD14 on myeloid cells.	19, 20 9*
Bone marrow	Similar proportions between granulocytes and lymphocytes compared to mouse.	22
Lymphocytes	Lower frequency of CD8α+ cytotoxic T cells compared to corresponding mouse tissues and human blood. Absence of NK cells and NK‐related MHC‐I receptors.	19, 20, 21, 22 9*
Macrophages	Higher functional activity of NMR bone marrow‐derived macrophages compared to mouse samples.	15*
Granulocytes	Expression of CD14 on NMR granulocytes, in contrast to healthy mice and humans.	11
Control of bacteria	Lower bacterial load of gut microbiota (102 ‐ 105 CFU/g) compared to mice (106 ‐ 109 CFU/g) and humans (108 ‐ 1012 CFU/g). Lower inflammogenic potential of NMR gut microbiota compared to mouse and human samples.	12*
Control of viruses	Susceptibility to coronavirus and to Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1).	24, 25*
Control of parasites	Susceptibility to intracellular parasite Leishmania donovani similar to humans and some mouse strains.	26*

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