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. 2017 Aug 14;47(9):1414–1426. doi: 10.1002/eji.201746959

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Regulation of antiviral signaling pathways by phosphorylation. For the TLR pathways, TLR3 cytoplasmic domain is phosphorylated and activated by BTK, EGFR and Src. TRAF6 is phosphorylated and inhibited by MST4 while TRAF3 is phosphorylated and activated by CK1ε. TBK1 is inhibited by DYRK2‐mediated phosphorylation and PPM1B‐mediated dephosphorylation. IRF3 is activated by DNA‐PK‐mediated phosphorylation and PTEN‐mediated dephosphorylation. For the RLR pathways, CKII‐ and PKCα/β‐mediated phosphorylation inhibit RIG‐I and MDA5 activation. PP1α/γ dephosphorylate and activate RIG‐I and MDA5. For the cytosolic DNA sensing pathways, BTK phosphorylates and activates DDX41 while AKT inhibits cGAS by phosphorylation.