Table 2.

Findings of Saudi studies on physical child abuse

Author and date	Types of abuse	Exposure (more than 2 events) incidence	Abuser	Consequences
Al-Saud 2000	92% physical abuse (100% of sample) 8% missing data	39%	No data	No data
Ashul 2003	69% physical abuse (100% of sample) 31% missing data	69%	21% mothers 13% fathers 25% parents 4% other relatives	No data
Al-Zahrani 2004	54% physical abuse (100% of sample) 46% missing data	50%	No data	No data
Al-Zahrani 2005	13% physical abuse 27% neglect 22.8% emotional abuse (100% of sample) 38% missing data	40.5%	8% mothers 29.5% fathers	No data
Al-Ayed et al. (1998)	30% physical abuse 30% neglect 23% sexual abuse 7% Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy	No data	No data	7% fatality
Elkerdany et al. 1999	100% physical abuse	No data	No data	No data
Karthikeyan et al. 2000	66.66% physical abuse 33.33% Sexual abuse	No data	No data	No data
Alanazi 2008	No data	No data	No data	No data
Al Eissaa and Almuneef, 2011	76% physical abuse 24% missing data	No data	48.9% parents	7.9% fatality
Al-Buhairan et al. 2011	22% of school professionals were aware of Convention on the Rights of the Child	No data	No data	No data
Al-Yousif et al. 2005	No data	No data	No data	No data
Council of Health Services, 2010	60% physical abuse 15.4% sexual abuse 4.6% shaken baby syndrome 2.6% Munchausen by proxy (100% of this sample) 18% missing data	No data	77.4% of cases were not known	2% fatality
Council of Health Services, 2011	64.4% physical abuse 12.3% emotional abuse 22% sexual abuse (100% of this sample) 1.3% missing data	No data	No data	1.9% fatality
Council of Health Services, 2012	73% physical abuse 27% sexual and emotional abuse	No data	No data	No data
Almuneef et al. 2014	No data	32%	No data	22% risky health behaviour 12% sex out-of-wedlock 5% alcohol consumption 4% use of illicit drugs 17% anxiety 9% depression 6% other mental illnesses 8% of participants reported having had suicidal thoughts