Table 3.
Results of research
| Author | Outcome Measures | Outcomes | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kot et al. (1998) |
Joseph Preschool and Primary Self-Concept Scale (JPPSCS); Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL); Children’s Play Session Behavior Rating Scale (CPSBRS) |
Self-Concept Global Index (JPPSCS); Externalizing Behavior Problems (CBCL); Internalizing Behavior Problems (CBCL); Total Behavior Problems (CBCL); Observation – Affection (CPSBRS); Observation – Contact (CPSBRS); Observation - Physical Proximity (CPSBRS); Observation – Self-Direction (CPSBRS); Observation – Aggression (CPSBRS); Observation – Mood (CPSBRS); Observation – Play Themes (CPSBRS); Observation – Food Nurturing Themes (CPSBRS) |
+ Tx-Cx; + Pre-Post Tx + Tx-Cx; + Pre-Post Tx 0 Tx-Cx; 0 Pre-Post Tx + Tx-Cx; + Pre-Post Tx 0 Tx-Cx; 0 Pre-Post Tx 0 Tx-Cx; 0 Pre-Post Tx + Tx-Cx; + Pre-Post Tx 0 Tx-Cx; 0 Pre-Post Tx 0 Tx-Cx; 0 Pre-Post Tx 0 Tx-Cx; 0 Pre-Post Tx + Tx-Cx; + Pre-Post Tx 0 Tx-Cx; 0 Pre-Post Tx |
| Nicol et al. (1988) | Family Interaction Coding System (FICS) |
Coercive Behaviors; Positive Behaviors |
0 Tx-Cx; 0 Pre-Post Tx 0 Tx-Cx; − Pre-Post Cx (Fathers only) |
| Reyes and Asbrand (2005) | Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) |
Anxiety; Depression; Anger; Post-Traumatic Stress; Dissociation; Overt Dissociation; Fantasy; Sexual Concern; Sexual Preoccupation; Sexual Distress |
+ Pre-Post + Pre-Post 0 Pre-Post + Pre-Post 0 Pre-Post 0 Pre-Post 0 Pre-Post 0 Pre-Post 0 Pre-post 0 Pre-Post |
| Schottelkorb et al. (2012) |
UCLA PTSD Index for DSM-IV; Parent Report of Posttraumatic Symptoms (PROPS) |
PTSD designation (UCLA); PTSD severity (PROPS) |
+ Pre-Post (Full PTSD); 0 Tx-Cx + Pre-Post (clinical score); 0 Tx-Cx |
| Scott et al. (2003) |
Joseph Preschool and Primary Self-Concept Scale (JPPSCS); Behavior Assessment System for Children-Parent Rating Scale (BASC-PRS) |
Competence (JPPSCS); Global Scores (JPPSCS); Behavioral Index (BASC-PRS); Total scores (BASC-PRS) |
+ Pre-Post 0 Pre-Post 0 Pre-Post 0 Pre-Post |
| Shen (2002) |
Filial Problem Checklist (FPC); Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS); Multiscore Depression Inventory for Children (MDI-C) |
Total score (FPC); Total score (RCMAS); Physiological anxiety (RCMAS); Worry/Oversensitivity (RCMAS); Social Concerns/Concentration (RCMAS); Lie factor (RCMAS); Total score (MDI-C); Anxiety (MDI-C); Self-esteem (MDI-C); Sad mood (MDI-C); Instrumental helplessness (MDI-C); Social introversion (MDI-C); Low energy (MDI-C); Pessimism (MDI-C); Defiance (MDI-C); Suicide Risk (MDI-C); Infrequency score (MDI-C) |
0 Tx-Cx; + Pre-Post Tx + Tx-Cx; + Pre-Post Tx + Tx-Cx; + Pre-Post Tx + Tx-Cx; + Pre-Post Tx 0 Tx-Cx; + Pre-Post Tx 0 Tx-Cx 0 Tx-Cx; + Pre-Post Tx 0 Tx-Cx; + Pre-Post Tx 0 Tx-Cx; + Pre-Post Tx 0 Tx-Cx; + Pre-Post Tx 0 Tx-Cx; + Pre-Post Tx 0 Tx-Cx; 0 Pre-Post Tx 0 Tx-Cx; + Pre-Post Tx 0 Tx-Cx; + Pre-Post Tx 0 Tx-Cx; + Pre-Post Tx + Tx-Cx; + Pre-Post Tx 0 Tx-Cx |
| Tyndall-Lind et al. (2001) |
Joseph Pre-School and Primary Self-Concept Scale (JPPSCS); Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) |
Global Score (JPPSCS); Total Behavior Problems (CBCL); Externalizing Behavior Problems (CBCL); Internalizing Behaviors (CBCL); Aggressive Behavior (CBCL); Anxious/Depressed (CBCL); Delinquent Behaviors (CBCL); Attention Problems (CBCL); Withdrawn Behavior (CBCL); Somatic Complaints (CBCL) |
+ Tx-Cx; + Pre-Post Tx + Tx-Cx; + Pre-Post Tx + Tx-Cx; + Pre-Post Tx 0 Tx-Cx; 0 Pre-Post Tx + Tx-Cx; + Pre-Post Tx + Tx-Cx; + Pre-Post Tx 0 Tx-Cx; 0 Pre-Post Tx 0 Tx-Cx; 0 Pre-Post Tx 0 Tx-Cx; 0 Pre-Post Tx 0 Tx-Cx; 0 Pre-Post Tx |
Tx treatment, Cx control or comparison, FU follow-up, Pre pre-treatment assessment, Post post-treatment assessment
+ = statistically significant positive change in outcomes between treatment-control or pre-post assessment; − = statistically significant negative change in outcomes between pre-post assessment; 0 = no statistically significant change