FIG 4.

Potential role of biotherapy in patients with AD. Biotherapy for AD takes advantage of the natural antipathogen properties of human CoNS species. A, As a first step, microbes are grown out from swabs of an affected subject, with the most biologically active strains then selected for expansion. This generates the lead ideal strain, which is trialed back on the donor subject and compared with a randomized placebo vehicle. B, Ifsuccessful atthis stage,the lead strain istrialed in a largercohortof affected subjects. C, Finally, the strain is applied to high-risk children as a preventative measure.