Figure 4. XBP1 knockdown decreases L. amazonensis infection. A) RAW 264.7 macrophages transduced with scrambled (pLKO) or XBP1 (shXBP1) lentiviral shRNA expression vectors were treated with TG for 1 h. XBP1 mRNA levels were determined by qPCR and normalized to uXBP1 transcript levels. ∗∗∗P= 0.0004. B) RAW 264.7 macrophages transduced with lentiviral shRNA expression vectors as described in (A) were treated with TG for 1 h. XBP‐1 or β‐actin expression was detected by Western blot. C) Scrambled shRNA and XBP1 knockdown cells were infected with L. amazonensis (10:1) for 48 h. fixed with methanol, and stained with Giemsa, and the infection index was calculated as in ∗∗∗P < 0.0001. Results are representative of 3 independent experiments.