Table 4.
Multivariable regression analysis of determinants for child development in rural Tanzania*
| Full Scale IQ SD* [95% CI] |
Verbal IQ SD* [95% CI] |
Performance IQ SD* [95% CI] |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Environmental Factors | |||
| Organization of the Environment | 1.29 [-2.07, 4.65] | 1.29 [-0.71, 3.30] | -0.008 [-1.89, 1.87] |
| Provision of Play Material | -3.55*[-6.91, -0.18] | -0.80 [-2.80, 1.21] | -2.75* [-4.63, -0.87] |
| Opportunities for Stimulation | 3.01 [-1.10, 7.12] | 1.78 [-0.67, 4.23] | 1.32 [-1.07, 3.53] |
| Cleanliness of the Child | 1.45 [-2.07, 4.96] | 0.61 [-1.48, 2.70] | 0.84 [-1.12, 2.80] |
| Socioeconomic Status | 13.30 [-1.53, 28.13] | 3.93 [-4.91, 12.78] | 9.37* [1.08, 17.66] |
| Maternal Factors | |||
| Responsivity of the Caregiver | -2.37 [-6.37, 1.63] | -1.01 [-3.40, 1.37] | -1.35 [-3.59, 0.88] |
| Avoidance of Punishment | -5.99 [-12.55, 0.58] | 1.75 [-0.32, 3.81] | -3.35 [-7.02, 0.32] |
| Promotion of Child Development | -1.81 [-5.78, 2.16] | -0.11 [-3.48, 1.26] | -0.70 [-2.92, 1.52] |
| Depressive Symptoms 1,6, 12 mo. | 3.93*[0.12, 7.74] | 3.11*[0.84, 5.39] | 0.82 [-1.31, 2.95] |
| Depressive Symptoms 24, 36 mo. | -2.74 [-6.74, 1.26] | -0.92 [-3.31, 1.47] | -1.82 [-4.06, 0.42] |
| Depressive Symptoms 60 mo. | 0.53 [-4.24, 5.30] | 0.57 [-2.27, 3.42] | -0.04 [-2.70, 2.62] |
| Maternal Education > 7/10years | 2.29 [-11.37, 15.96] | -6.02 [-14.16, 2.13] | 8.31* [0.67, 15.84] |
* Estimates in the tables above are adjusted for site, birthweight, field assessors, and all other variables in the table.
* SD: WPPSI Score Difference
* P-value < 0.05