Table 6.
Mechanism analysis
| Study | Aims | Theory, framework, model | Mechanism measurement | Mediation testing citation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qualitative | ||||
| Bardosh et al. 2017 [16] | N | Consolidated framework for implementation research [68] | Interviews | None |
| Brewster et al. 2015 [17] | Y | Implementation innovation framework [69] | Interviews | None |
| Carrera and Lambooij 2015 [18] | N | Technology acceptance model [70]; Theory of planned behavior [65]; Model of personal computing utilization [71] | Focus groups | None |
| Frykman et al. 2014 [19] | N | Direction, competence, opportunity and motivation (DCOM) [72, 73] | Interviews; observations | None |
| Wiener-Ogilvie et al. 2008 [20] | N | None reported | Interviews; focus groups | None |
| Quantitative- randomized | ||||
| Atkins et al. 2008 [21] | Y | Diffusion of innovation theory [63] | Interviews; self-report | [74] |
| Baer et al. 2009 [22] | Y | None reported | interviews; self-report | [75] |
| Bonetti et al. 2005 [23] | N | Theory of planned behavior [65]; Social cognitive theory [76, 77] | Self-report | [78, 79] |
| Garner et al. 2011 [24] | N | Theory of planned behavior [65] | Self-report | [80, 81] |
| Glisson et al. 2010 [25] | N | None reported | Self-report, audiotape coding and interviews | [82] |
| Holth et al. 2011 [26] | Y | None reported | Interviews; self-report | [83] |
| Lee et al. 2018 [27] | Y | Theoretical domains framework [84] | Self-report, secondary analysis | [85, 86] |
| Lochman et al. 2009 [28] | N | Diffusion of innovation theory [87] | Coder ratings | [88] |
| Rapkin et al. 2017 [29] | Y | None reported | Self-report | [89] |
| Rohrbach et al. 1993 [30] | N | Diffusion of innovation theory [64] | Interviews; self-report; observations | None |
| Seys et al. 2018 [31] | Y | None reported | Chart review; self-report | [78] |
| Williams et al. 2014 [32] | Y | Diffusion of innovation theory [87] | Self-report | [90, 91] |
| Williams et al., 2017 (66) | Y | Organizational culture theory [32] and Theory of planned behavior [65] | Self-report | [92] |
| Quantitative- non-randomized | ||||
| Aarons et al. 2009 [34] | Y | Institutional theory [93], Theory of planned behavior [65], Theory of perceived organizational support [94] | Self-report | [78] |
| Becker et al. 2016 [35] | Y | Diffusion of innovation theory [64] | Self-report | None |
| Beenstock et al. 2012 [36] | N | Theoretical domains framework [66] | Self-report | [95] |
| Beets et al. 2008 [37] | Y | Theory driven evaluation [96]; Diffusion of innovation theory [63] | Self-report | [97, 98] |
| Bonetti et al. 2009 [38] | N | Theory of planned behavior [65]; Social cognitive theory [99]; Operant learning theory [100]; Action planning [101]; Common sense self-regulation model [102]; Precaution adoption process model [103]; Stage theory [103, 104] | Self-report; objective measure | [78, 79] |
| Chou et al. 2011 [39] | N | Goal setting theory [105]; Goal commitment theory [106] | Self-report | [80, 107] |
| Cummings et al. 2017 [40] | N | Promoting action on research in health services (PARiHS) [67] | Self-report | [108] |
| David and Schiff 2017 [41] | Y | Diffusion of innovation theory [87, 109] | Self-report | [110] |
| Edmunds et al. 2014 [42] | Y | EPIS framework [111] | Self-report | [80, 112] |
| Gnich et al. 2018 [43] | Y | Theoretical domains framework [66] | Self-report | None |
| Guerrero et al. 2018 [44] | Y | Theory on middle manager s[69] | Self-report | [113] |
| Huis et al. 2013 [45] | N | None reported | Observations; self-report; website visitor registration; logs; field Notes; effect evaluation; quiz | none |
| Little et al. 2015 [46] | N | Diffusion of innovation theory [64] | Self-report | [114–116] |
| Llasus et al. 2014 [47] | N | Knowledge to action conceptual framework [117] | Self-report | [78, 79, 95] |
| Nelson and Steele 2007 [48] | N | None reported | Self-report | None |
| Potthoff et al. 2017 [49] | Y | Dual process model of behavior [118] | Self-report | [79] |
| Presseau et al. 2016 [50] | Y | Theory of planned behavior [65] | Self-report | None |
| Simmonds et al. 2012 [51] | Y | None reported | Self-report | [78] |
| Stockdale et al. 2018 [52] | Y | None reported | Self-report | [119] |
| Wanless et al. 2015 [53] | Y | None reported | Self-report, observation | [110] |
| Yamada et al. 2017 [62] | Y | Promoting action on research in health services (PARiHS) [120] | Self-report, chart review | None |
| Mixed methods | ||||
| Armson et al. 2018 [54] | Y | Theoretical domains framework [66] | Interviews; self-report | None |
| Birken et al. 2015 [55] | N | Hierarchical taxonomy of leader behavior [121] | Interviews; self-report | [95, 122] |
| Kauth et al. 2010 [56] | Y | Fixsen model [123]; Promoting action on research in health services (PARiHS) [120] | Self-report; logs | None |
| Lukas et al. 2009 [57] | Y | Diffusion of Innovations Theory [63, 124] | Interviews | [78] |
| Panzano et al. 2012 [58] | Y | None reported | Self-report | [78] |
| Rangachari et al. 2015 [59] | N | Complex systems theory [125] | Infection rate; chart review; hospital records; logs | None |
| Shrubsole et al. 2018 [60] | N | Theoretical domains framework [66] | Chart review; self-report | none |