Table 1.
Characteristics at Study Entry (n = 2,639)
| Characteristic | N | % |
|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR) | 73 (70, 79) | |
| Female | 1,436 | 54.4 |
| Race, nonwhite | 282 | 10.7 |
| Some education beyond high school | 1,834 | 69.5 |
| Body mass index, median (IQR) | 27 (24, 30) | |
| Current smoker | 131 | 5.0 |
| Fair or poor self-rated health | 305 | 11.6 |
| Health conditions | ||
| Treated hypertension* | 1,255 | 47.6 |
| Treated diabetes† | 198 | 7.5 |
| Stroke‡ | 65 | 2.5 |
| Urinary incontinence§ | 75 | 2.8 |
| Osteoarthritis‡ | 936 | 35.5 |
| Coronary artery disease|| | 425 | 16.1 |
| Congestive heart failure‡ | 79 | 3.0 |
| Parkinson’s disease‡ | 11 | 0.4 |
| Slow gait speed (<0.6 m/s) | 163 | 6.2 |
| Depression (CES-D score ≥ 10) | 165 | 6.4 |
| Impaired cognition¶ | 137 | 5.2 |
| Poor vision | 355 | 13.4 |
Note: Missing information includes: race n = 4; body mass index n = 20; self-rated health n = 6; gait speed n = 15; depression n = 50; smoking n = 5. IQR = interquartile range; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D).
*Two or more fills in computerized pharmacy data for antihypertensive medications within a 12-month period in the 3 years before ACT study entry.
†Two or more fills in computerized pharmacy data for insulin or oral diabetic medications within a 12-month period in the 3 years before ACT study entry.
‡Self-report.
§Codes 788.30–788.39 from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision in 3 years before ACT study entry.
||Self-reported history of heart attack, angina, angioplasty, or coronary artery bypass surgery.
¶Score on the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) of <86 or if the CASI was missing or invalid but the participant was referred for full diagnostic evaluation.