Table 2.
Participant Characteristics According to the Injurious Nature of the Fall (n = 120)
| Participant characteristics | No injurious fall (n = 49) | Injurious fall(s) (n = 71) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) or % | Mean (SD) or % | ||
| Age (yrs) | 83.4 (6.3) | 83.2 (9.0) | .80 |
| Gender (% women) | 76% | 73% | .78 |
| Education (yrs) | 15.7 (2.7) | 15.6 (2.7) | .43 |
| Non-white (%) | 20% | 10% | .10 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.8 (6.8) | 27.9 (5.1) | .78 |
| CIRS | 20.8 (2.3) | 20.9 (2.3) | .74 |
| MMSE | 28.4 (1.5) | 28.8 (1.5) | .06 |
| GDS | 0.9 (1.5) | 1.5 (2.3) | .17 |
| Clinical motor measures | |||
| Tinetti gait | 1.8 (2.4) | 2.6 (2.6) | .10 |
| Tinetti balance | 4.5 (4.8) | 5.4 (5.0) | .32 |
| Walking speed (m/s) | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.2) | .57 |
| Grip strength (dynes) | 19.0 (7.8) | 18.4 (8.7) | .98 |
Note: BMI = body mass index; CIRS = Cumulative Illness Rating Scale; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale. CIRS measures level of impairment (0–4) in 14 body or organ systems, higher scores are worse; MMSE ranges from 0 to 30, higher score indicates better cognition; GDS ranges from 0 to 15, higher score is worse (more depressive symptoms); Tinetti Gait and Balance scores measure gait abnormalities related to functional status and falls, higher score is worse; walking speed is correlated with the risk of functional autonomy loss and falls, lower gait speed is worse.