Table 2.
Biomarkers Summary Statistics by Week and Study Group
| Biomarker | Week | Study Group | N | GM (95% CI) | Median (Range) | p valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GM TNE nmol/mgb | Baseline | UB | 22 | 61.5 (44.8 to 84.5) | 65.7 (5.4/152.4) | |
| PS | 53 | 48.3 (34.5 to 67.8) | 55.9 (0.04/307.3) | .52 | ||
| CS | 48 | 57.5 (48.9 to 67.6) | 58.3 (18.5/383.1) | |||
| 4 | UB | 15 | 52.3 (34.5 to 79.3) | 55.1 (7.6/132.8) | ||
| PS | 42 | 61.9 (47.3 to 81.0) | 64.2 (1.6/257.7) | .09 | ||
| CS | 26 | 42.2 (31.1 to 57.3) | 44.8 (8.8/125.5) | |||
| 8 | UB | 16 | 63.4 (42.7 to 94.0) | 62.4 (8.0/167.8) | ||
| PS | 39 | 65.0 (53.1 to 79.4) | 68.5 (13.4/196.1) | .30 | ||
| CS | 24 | 46.7 (32.5 to 67.0) | 54.7 (4.7/178.6) | |||
| GM NNAL pmol/mg creatinine | Baseline | UB | 22 | 1.14 (0.65 to 2.00) | 1.25 (0.02/9.48) | |
| PS | 53 | 1.06 (0.80 to 1.41) | 1.14 (0.02/7.91) | .51 | ||
| CS | 47 | 1.31 (1.03 to 1.66) | 1.52 (0.07/5.28) | |||
| 4 | UB | 15 | 1.29 (0.78 to 2.15) | 1.17 (0.17/6.81) | ||
| PS | 42 | 1.29 (1.02 to 1.64) | 1.35 (0.20/8.73) | .94 | ||
| CS | 26 | 1.15 (0.85 to 1.57) | 1.39 (0.20/3.42) | |||
| 8 | UB | 16 | 1.38 (0.91 to 2.08) | 1.22 (0.22/5.66) | ||
| PS | 39 | 1.27 (1.01 to 1.61) | 1.14 (0.31/4.85) | .56 | ||
| CS | 24 | 1.43 (1.07 to 1.91) | 1.47 (0.33/4.30) | |||
| GM NNN pmol/mg creatinine | Baseline | UB | 22 | 0.022 (0.012 to 0.038) | 0.030 (0.002/0.178) | |
| PS | 52 | 0.026 (0.017 to 0.039) | 0.024 (0.001/1.527) | .89 | ||
| CS | 45 | 0.027 (0.018 to 0.039) | 0.027 (0.002/0.570) | |||
| 4 | UB | 15 | 0.017 (0.008 to 0.036) | 0.016 (0.002/0.291) | ||
| PS | 41 | 0.044 (0.028 to 0.068) | 0.046 (0.002/4.258) | .02 | ||
| CS | 26 | 0.020 (0.012 to 0.036) | 0.020 (0.002/0.187) | |||
| 8 | UB | 16 | 0.023 (0.013 to 0.040) | 0.030 (0.004/0.096) | ||
| PS | 38 | 0.048 (0.029 to 0.080) | 0.041 (0.003/11.187) | .18 | ||
| CS | 24 | 0.025 (0.014 to 0.045) | 0.027 (0.001/0.325) | |||
| GM PheT pmol/mg creatinine | Baseline | UB | 18 | 2.10 (1.58 to 2.81) | 2.37 (0.63/4.39) | |
| PS | 46 | 2.15 (1.76 to 2.62) | 2.13 (0.46/9.37) | .97 | ||
| CS | 39 | 2.20 (1.81 to 2.67) | 2.23 (0.72/7.16) | |||
| 4 | UB | 15 | 1.79 (1.17 to 2.74) | 2.11 (0.55/5.62) | ||
| PS | 42 | 2.06 (1.66 to 2.55) | 2.30 (0.28/6.57) | .62 | ||
| CS | 26 | 1.76 (1.30 to 2.39) | 1.81 (0.31/9.28) | |||
| 8 | UB | 16 | 2.16 (1.48 to 3.13) | 2.60 (0.58/5.45) | ||
| PS | 38 | 2.58 (2.07 to 3.22) | 2.71 (0.82/11.77) | .83 | ||
| CS | 24 | 2.51 (1.79 to 3.53) | 2.18 (0.75/18.42) | |||
| GM CEMA pmol/mg creatinine | Baseline | UB | 19 | 499.9 (311.9 to 801.2) | 491.3 (46.2/2576.7) | |
| PS | 47 | 453.0 (335.6 to 611.5) | 484.9 (2.9/1963.6) | .99 | ||
| CS | 39 | 478.8 (381.8 to 600.5) | 458.5 (99.8/2440.2) | |||
| 4 | UB | 15 | 463.2 (313.6 to 684.2) | 424.6 (140.9/1950.9) | ||
| PS | 42 | 511.4 (396.8 to 659.0) | 554.8 (30.1/2212.8) | .001 | ||
| CS | 26 | 188.6 (112.5 to 316.0) | 195.7 (13.9/4321.4) | |||
| 8 | UB | 15 | 594.6 (441.9 to 800.0) | 648.3 (225.1/1657.9) | ||
| PS | 38 | 483.8 (365.0 to 657.5) | 671.5 (41.8/2223.9) | .03 | ||
| CS | 24 | 248.1 (142.7 to 431.2) | 282.5 (21.9/2243.4) | |||
| GM 2-HPMA pmol/mg creatinine | Baseline | UB | 19 | 551.6 (386.4 to 787.3) | 613.8 (171.7/2037.3) | |
| PS | 47 | 567.8 (471.2 to 684.2) | 627.3 (153.0/1893.6) | .44 | ||
| CS | 39 | 453.7 (351.2 to 586.1) | 427.4 (73.6/2117.6) | |||
| 4 | UB | 15 | 557.7 (350.7 to 887.1) | 635.9 (171.6/4502.3) | ||
| PS | 42 | 511.4 (383.5 to 682.0) | 492.1 (30.1/3734.9) | .28 | ||
| CS | 26 | 391.4 (265.2 to 577.7) | 438.9 (92.3/6047.9) | |||
| 8 | UB | 15 | 722.7 (465.3 to 1122.5) | 522.9 (158.1/4302.6) | ||
| PS | 38 | 589.2 (466.6 to 744.0) | 609.6 (89.0/2026.2) | .60 | ||
| CS | 24 | 500.5 (347.4 to 721.0) | 580.6 (72.4/2311.6) | |||
| GM 3-HPMA pmol/mg creatinine | Baseline | UB | 19 | 5328.6 (3625.1 to 7832.7) | 3902.3 (1495.4/33160.4) | |
| PS | 47 | 4240.9 (3459.5 to 5198.8) | 4578.5 (815.2/17377.9) | .76 | ||
| CS | 39 | 4482.9 (3650.3 to 5505.4) | 4795.6 (994.4/20286.4) | |||
| 4 | UB | 15 | 4098.5 (3070.5 to 5470.7) | 4135.6 (1710.6/12307.4) | ||
| PS | 42 | 5297.3 (4179.9 to 6713.4) | 4959.8 (562.3/30538.1) | .002 | ||
| CS | 26 | 2381.6 (1584.5 to 3579.8) | 2245.7 (292.3/24270.9) | |||
| 8 | UB | 15 | 4869.4 (3160.5 to 7502.2) | 4798.2 (1091.9/16617.0) | ||
| PS | 38 | 5269.5 (4071.3 to 6820.4) | 5760.5 (615.8/18301.2) | .04 | ||
| CS | 24 | 3151.8 (2207.7 to 4499.5) | 2856.5 (997.0/26281.5) | |||
| GM AAMA pmol/mg creatinine | Baseline | UB | 19 | 540.7 (358.8 to 814.7) | 469.5 (99.4/2599.4) | |
| PS | 46 | 531.0 (419.9 to 671.4) | 519.0 (45.8/3209.4) | .56 | ||
| CS | 39 | 607.8 (509.8 to 724.8) | 619.0 (232.3/1963.6) | |||
| 4 | UB | 14 | 389.1 (280.7 to 539.4) | 378.1 (159.0/1118.5) | ||
| PS | 42 | 624.7 (499.1 to 781.8) | 659.9 (50.5/2814.4) | .001 | ||
| CS | 26 | 337.1 (237.4 to 478.8) | 357.3 (25.8/2679.1) | |||
| 8 | UB | 15 | 553.3 (393.3 to 778.6) | 569.4 (194.8/1495.4) | ||
| PS | 38 | 591.3 (480.4 to 727.8) | 673.9 (145.6/2407.8) | .04 | ||
| CS | 24 | 382.4 (281.7 to 519.0) | 381.4 (88.5/1543.5) | |||
| GM HMPMA pmol/mg creatinine | Baseline | UB | 19 | 4620.3 (3197.5 to 6676.2) | 4086.8 (1618.7/21661.2) | |
| PS | 47 | 3916.8 (3224.2 to 4758.2) | 4326.6 (599.7/12709.7) | .90 | ||
| CS | 39 | 4041.6 (3335.1 to 4897.8) | 3871.2 (1331.9/10702.6) | |||
| 4 | UB | 15 | 3765.3 (2674.5 to 5300.9) | 3735.1 (990.1/9744.7) | ||
| PS | 42 | 4894.1 (3940.1 to 6078.9) | 4814.7 (776.7/22123.5) | .001 | ||
| CS | 26 | 2072.2 (1417.0 to 3030.4) | 1361.7 (520.8/11613.8) | |||
| 8 | UB | 15 | 4365.6 (3013.6 to 6324.2) | 4693.1 (1193.2/10319.0) | ||
| PS | 38 | 4449.0 (3493.9 to 5665.1) | 4689.9 (604.3/12362.2) | .19 | ||
| CS | 24 | 3116.4 (2179.2 to 4456.6) | 2506.0 (650.7/17596.4) |
CEMA = 2-cyanoethylmercapturic acid; CS = complete substitution; GM = geometric mean; HMPMA = 3-hydroxy-1-methylpropylmercapturic acid; HPMA = hydroxypropylmercapturic acid; PS = partial substitution; PheT = phenanthrene tetraol; TNE = total nicotine equivalent; NNN = N′-nitrosonornicotine; UB = usual brand.
aThe p value is derived from the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test.
bTNE at baseline is the average of week 91 and 00.